In November 1937 Wally Hammond — the leading professional batsman of his era — was accepted by MCC as an amateur, opening the door to the England captaincy he received six months later for the 1938 Ashes. The change crystallised inter-war debates about the amateur-professional divide and the unwritten rule that England's captain be amateur.
Hammond had been Test cricket's leading run-scorer for much of the 1930s and Gloucestershire's principal professional. The amateur captaincy convention barred his elevation despite his record.
Hammond, then 34, had been a professional with Gloucestershire since 1920. The MCC custom — that England's Test captain should be amateur — had ruled out his elevation despite his record. In autumn 1937 he resigned his professional status, took a directorship with Marsham Tyres in Bristol and was registered as an amateur for the 1938 first-class season.
The shift was widely understood to be engineered by MCC and county officials. Marsham Tyres' director-level fee was rumoured to exceed his prior cricket earnings, and the case became a touchstone in arguments that the amateur-professional distinction was financial fiction. Within months Hammond was named Gloucestershire captain and, in May 1938, captain of England for the home Ashes series.
Hammond resigns professional status November 1937.
Takes directorship with Marsham Tyres, Bristol.
Registered as amateur for 1938 county season.
Appointed Gloucestershire captain.
Named England captain for 1938 Ashes.
1920
Hammond begins as Gloucestershire professional.
Nov 1937
Resigns professional status.
1937-38 winter
Marsham Tyres directorship.
Spring 1938
Gloucestershire captain.
May 1938
England captain for Ashes.
“Hammond was as much an amateur as the rest of us.”
The most public example in inter-war English cricket of the financial nominalism behind the amateur-professional divide; a personal advancement that doubled as a structural critique.
The Hammond change of status is the case-study most often cited in histories of the amateur-professional divide. It exemplified the discrepancy between a system's rule and its practice and accelerated, in private, the conversation that would eventually end the distinction.
England
1932-08-12
In August 1932 the MCC selectors confirmed Douglas Jardine as England's captain for the 1932-33 tour of Australia, a decision contested at the highest levels of English cricket and one that — combined with Plum Warner's appointment as tour manager — would set the conditions for the Bodyline series.
England
1934-03-21
On 21 March 1934 Douglas Jardine wrote to The Cricketer that he had 'neither the desire nor the intention' of playing in the upcoming home Ashes series. The announcement, taken as a quiet resignation, removed the architect of Bodyline from the field before Australia returned to England — a precondition Australia's Board had implicitly demanded.
India
1936-06-21
On 21 June 1936, midway through India's tour of England, Lala Amarnath — the country's first Test centurion — was ordered home by tour captain the Maharajkumar of Vizianagaram (Vizzy) and tour management. The decision, made on disciplinary grounds that almost no contemporary account took at face value, became one of the worst administrative episodes in Indian cricket and set the political tone for the BCCI's later reform.