The Underarm Bowling Incident
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Michael Clarke nicked Andrew Flintoff to Matt Prior in a clear caught-behind but umpire Rudi Koertzen gave it not out. Clarke survived to help Australia save a famous draw, with the last pair lasting 69 balls.
The 2009 Ashes series opened at the brand-new SWALEC Stadium in Cardiff — the first time Wales had hosted an Ashes Test. The ground, with its intimate atmosphere and enthusiastic crowd, set the stage for one of the most memorable finishes in Ashes history.
England, under Andrew Strauss, were at home and desperate to retain the urn after their 5-0 humiliation in Australia in 2006-07. Kevin Pietersen had just been removed as captain and replaced by Strauss in a turbulent winter, making this Ashes particularly charged. Australia, led by Ricky Ponting, had retained the urn in 2006-07 and were looking to further consolidate their dominance.
Andrew Flintoff was playing what was an open secret — his last Ashes series, with his knee problems making a prolonged international career impossible. He was desperate to go out a winner, and Cardiff gave him the chance to be the central figure in England's campaign from the very first Test.
England had the better of the first four days, with Australia needing to bat out the final day to save the match. They required an improbable rearguard action, losing wickets steadily as England's bowlers sensed a famous victory.
Michael Clarke came in under enormous pressure with Australia still needing runs and wickets in hand. Flintoff, bowling with genuine fire and moving the ball both ways in the Cardiff conditions, was the man England trusted to break through. The battle between Clarke and Flintoff was the centrepiece of the final day's play.
In a key passage of play, Flintoff bowled a sharp delivery that moved late and drew an edge from Clarke's bat. The ball flew to Matt Prior behind the stumps. To everyone watching — in the ground and on television — it appeared a clear, clean catch. England erupted in appeal. But umpire Rudi Koertzen, standing at the striker's end, shook his head. Not out.
The moment occurred during Australia's second innings at Cardiff with the match in the balance. Andrew Flintoff, bowling at full tilt in his last Ashes series, generated movement off the pitch to draw a thick outside edge from Michael Clarke's bat. The ball flew to Matt Prior, England's wicketkeeper, who caught it cleanly.
Umpire Rudi Koertzen — the same umpire involved in the Ponting reprieve six years earlier in the 2003 World Cup Final — gave it not out. England's players were incredulous. Strauss immediately went to Flintoff, gesturing at what had just happened. Television replays clearly showed the edge, and Hot Spot technology — which was being used in the 2009 Ashes — appeared to confirm contact.
However, without DRS (the Ashes series that year was one of the last major series not to use a full referral system), England had no mechanism to challenge the decision. They could only appeal and accept the umpire's ruling.
Clarke used his reprieve to dig in and contribute to Australia's survival. The most extraordinary passage of play came at the very end, when the last pair of Monty Panesar and James Anderson batted for 69 balls to secure the draw. Australia needed all their wickets, and Clarke's survival — extended by the missed decision — was a key part of the chain of events that allowed Australia to reach the final pair.
England were furious at the decision and even more frustrated by the Ashes series rules that year, which did not include DRS. The match ended in a draw that felt like a loss for England — they had dominated for four days and been denied the kill.
Flintoff draws a thick edge from Clarke that flies to Matt Prior — clear caught behind
Umpire Rudi Koertzen gives it not out — England are incredulous
No DRS available in this Ashes series — England have no mechanism to challenge
Clarke survives and continues to contribute to Australia's rearguard
Last pair Anderson and Panesar bat for 69 balls in the most tense finish
Australia draw the match — England denied a win they had dominated for four days
Days 1-4
England dominate the Cardiff Test and set up a final-day push for victory
Final day morning
Australia losing wickets steadily as England close in
Clarke at crease
Flintoff draws thick edge from Clarke — Koertzen gives not out
Middle session
Clarke continues to frustrate England with stubborn resistance
Final hour
Anderson and Panesar come together as last pair with Australia still needing to survive
Close of play
Last pair bat 69 balls — match drawn. Australia escape. England devastated.
“We all knew it was out. Everyone in the ground knew it was out. But without DRS there's nothing you can do.”
“Fred put everything into that spell. That decision made it even harder to take.”
“I got the benefit of the doubt and you have to take those moments. That's Test cricket.”
“The technology exists to get these decisions right. Not using it is madness at this level.”
England's players were open in their frustration after the match. Flintoff, who knew this might be his last chance to bowl in an Ashes Test, was particularly aggrieved. He had summoned an enormous effort and felt the decision had stolen a wicket from him.
The England management raised the issue of DRS adoption in post-match press conferences. Andrew Strauss noted that technology was available that could have reversed the decision and questioned why it was not being used. The Ashes series was being played without a full DRS system — a decision that the BCCI, with India's influence in world cricket administration, had been central to blocking.
England went on to win the 2009 Ashes 2-1, making the Cardiff draw less costly in series terms — but the frustration of what happened on that final day in Wales never left the English dressing room.
Clear umpiring error — the edge was visible to all in the ground and on replay. Without DRS, England had no recourse. Clarke's reprieve was a significant link in the chain that allowed Australia to escape with a draw at Cardiff.
The Cardiff Test of 2009 is remembered primarily for the Anderson-Panesar last-wicket stand that saved Australia. Clarke's caught-behind reprieve is a less celebrated part of the story but an important one — it kept Australia's middle order intact long enough to set up the final-day drama.
The incident added to the growing list of high-profile umpiring errors in major series that were being used to argue for mandatory DRS adoption across all international cricket. The Clarke reprieve became another data point in that debate, cited alongside the Ponting edge in 2003 as an example of what technology could prevent.
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Australia vs India
7 February 1981
Sunil Gavaskar was given out LBW to Dennis Lillee off a ball that clearly hit his bat first. He was so furious he tried to take his batting partner Chetan Chauhan off the field with him.
Australia vs India
2-6 January 2008
One of the most controversial Tests ever — terrible umpiring decisions, racial abuse allegations, and India threatening to abandon the tour.