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The 1860s

Cricket controversies from 1860 to 1869

26 incidents documented

W.G. Grace's 1869 Season — The Emergence of Cricket's First Superstar

Multiple

1869-09-01

In 1869, his fifth full season of first-class cricket and the year he turned 21, W.G. Grace produced batting figures that ended any debate about the leading cricketer in England. He scored 1,320 first-class runs at an average of 57.3 — at a time when totals over 200 were rare and averages over 40 were almost unknown — and turned the Gentlemen vs Players fixture, which the Players had usually dominated, into a one-man Gentlemen victory.

#wg-grace#1869#gentlemen-vs-players

The Aboriginal Australian Cricket Team in England — 1868, the First Australian Tour

Aboriginal Australian XI vs English club and county sides

1868-09-30

Thirteen Aboriginal cricketers from western Victoria, captained by the Sydney-based English professional Charles Lawrence, became the first Australian sporting team of any kind to tour England. Between 25 May and 17 October 1868 they played 47 matches across the country, winning 14, losing 14 and drawing 19. Johnny Mullagh, the side's leading all-rounder, scored 1,698 runs and took 245 wickets on the tour. Their visit was a commercial novelty in its day and is now recognised as the founding moment of Australian touring cricket.

#aboriginal-tour-1868#charles-lawrence#johnny-mullagh

Johnny Mullagh — The Aboriginal Tour's Champion All-Rounder, 1868

Aboriginal Australian XI vs English club and county sides

1868-09-01

Johnny Mullagh — born Unaarrimin around 1841 on Mullagh station near Harrow, Victoria — was the outstanding all-rounder of the 1868 Aboriginal tour of England. In 47 matches he scored 1,698 runs at around 23 and took 245 wickets at 10, bowling round-arm in a free, wristy style and frequently keeping wicket between deliveries. The English fast bowler George Tarrant, after bowling at Mullagh in a tour interval, declared he had never bowled to a better batsman.

#johnny-mullagh#unaarrimin#aboriginal-tour-1868

Aboriginal Cricket Tour of England Attempted in 1867 — Blocked by Victorian Authorities

Aboriginal Australian XI

1867-12-01

An attempted Aboriginal cricket tour of England in late 1867 was blocked by the Central Board for the Protection of Aborigines in Victoria, who refused to permit the players to leave the colony. Charles Lawrence regrouped, moved his operation to Sydney, and on 8 February 1868 the team secretly boarded their ship at Queenscliff to evade the authorities — the moment that turned the 1868 Aboriginal tour from a stalled commercial project into a covert escape.

#aboriginal-cricket#1867#victoria

W.G. Grace's Maiden First-Class Hundred — 224 Not Out at the Oval, 1866

England vs Surrey

1866-07-31

Two weeks after his eighteenth birthday, W.G. Grace scored 224 not out for England against Surrey at the Oval — his maiden first-class century, his first double-hundred, and the innings that, in Harry Altham's phrase, made him 'thenceforward the biggest name in cricket'. On the second afternoon his captain V.E. Walker let him slip away to Crystal Palace to win the National Olympian Association 440 yards hurdles race; he then returned to bat on.

#wg-grace#double-hundred#1866

Tom Wills Coaches the Aboriginal XI — Boxing Day at the MCG, 1866

Aboriginal XI vs Melbourne Cricket Club

1866-12-26

Tom Wills, the Cambridge-educated Victorian who had drafted the original rules of Australian Rules football in 1859, captained an Aboriginal XI from the Edenhope district against the Melbourne Cricket Club at the MCG on Boxing Day 1866 in front of more than 10,000 spectators. The match — the first cricket fixture between an Aboriginal team and a leading white club — was the proving ground that led directly to the 1868 English tour.

#tom-wills#aboriginal-team#1866

Death of Frederick Lillywhite — End of an Era for Cricket Publishing, 1866

n/a

1866-09-15

Frederick William Lillywhite, the cricket publisher who had founded the The Guide to Cricketers in 1849 and the encyclopaedic Scores and Biographies in 1862, died at Brighton on 15 September 1866 aged just 37. His death scattered the Lillywhite publishing operation among rival relatives, removed the only direct competitor to John Wisden's three-year-old Almanack, and turned Wisden from one cricket annual among many into the inheritor of the field.

#fred-lillywhite#lillywhite-guide#publishing

W.G. Grace's First-Class Debut — Gentlemen v Players of the South, June 1865

Gentlemen of the South vs Players of the South

1865-06-22

On 22 June 1865, sixteen days short of his seventeenth birthday, William Gilbert Grace played his first first-class match. Picked by the Gentlemen of the South against the Players of the South at the Oval mainly for his bowling, he and I.D. Walker bowled unchanged through both Players innings. Grace took 13 wickets in the match. Although the Players won by 118 runs, the cricket world had its first sight of the man who would dominate the sport for the next thirty years.

#wg-grace#first-class-debut#1865

Cambridgeshire as a First-Class County — The Tarrant-Hayward-Carpenter Era, 1864-1871

Cambridgeshire vs other first-class counties

1865-08-01

For a brief eight-year period from 1864 to 1871, Cambridgeshire was a first-class county with three of the best players in England — the batsmen Tom Hayward (the elder) and Robert Carpenter, and the fast bowler George Tarrant. In 1865, the year of W.G. Grace's first-class debut, Cambridgeshire fielded what some historians consider the strongest single county side of the decade. By 1872 financial pressures and the loss of its three stars had reduced the county to second-class status, where it has remained ever since.

#cambridgeshire#tom-hayward-elder#robert-carpenter

Nottinghamshire — Powerhouse of 1860s County Cricket

Nottinghamshire vs other first-class counties

1865-09-01

Nottinghamshire was the strongest county side of the 1860s. Captained throughout the decade by George Parr from his home village of Radcliffe-on-Trent, the county won the unofficial championship in 1865, 1867 and 1869, fielded the leading English fast bowler of the era in John Jackson, the leading slow left-armer in George Wootton, and the rising star Alfred Shaw, who would later bowl the first ball in Test cricket. Nottinghamshire's players dominated the All-England Eleven and provided the bulk of touring sides to America and Australia.

#nottinghamshire#george-parr#richard-daft

American Cricket and the Civil War — The Game's Lost American Future, 1861-1865

American club cricket vs baseball

1865-04-09

When the American Civil War began in April 1861, an estimated 10,000 Americans played cricket — more than the entire population of cricketers in Australia. By the time the war ended in April 1865, baseball had effectively replaced cricket as the United States' summer game. The four years of conflict closed clubs, ruined pitches and drove the leading American players into the army; the game would survive in Philadelphia for half a century more but the chance to make cricket America's national sport was lost forever.

#american-cricket#civil-war#philadelphia

Old Trafford Becomes Lancashire's Home — First-Class Debut, 1865

Lancashire vs Middlesex

1865-07-20

Old Trafford had been laid out in 1857 as the home of Manchester Cricket Club. Lancashire CCC, formed in 1864, played its first first-class match at the ground in July 1865 against Middlesex and won by 62 runs. Old Trafford has been the home of Lancashire ever since — the second-oldest continuously used first-class venue after Lord's, host of more than 100 Test matches, and the indispensable counterweight to the southern grounds in English cricket geography.

#old-trafford#lancashire#1865

Kent's 1860s Decline — From Champion County to Sixteen-A-Side, 1860-1869

Kent vs other counties

1865-09-01

Kent, the most successful county of the 1830s and 1840s under Fuller Pilch's batting, fell into financial and competitive decline through the 1860s. With Pilch retired, Kent was sometimes forced to field elevens of up to sixteen by combining with local club cricketers from Whitstable, Faversham and Ashford. The 1862 Willsher walk-off was Kent's most consequential moment of the decade — but its leading bowler's career and the club's increasing reliance on him underline how thin the county's resources had become.

#kent#1860s#decline

John Lillywhite — Umpire, Publisher and the 'Green Lily', 1848-1875

Sussex, Middlesex; later umpire and publisher

1865-04-01

John Lillywhite — Sussex roundarm bowler, umpire of the 1862 Willsher walk-off, and founder in 1865 of John Lillywhite's Cricketers' Companion (the 'Green Lily') — sat at the centre of the 1860s cricket establishment. Son of William 'Nonpareil' Lillywhite, brother to Fred and James, he played first-class cricket from 1848 to 1873, umpired 29 first-class matches, and established the family's central London emporium at Euston Square in 1863.

#john-lillywhite#umpire#publisher

John Wisden Publishes the First Cricketers' Almanack — Spring 1864

n/a

1864-04-01

Retired Sussex bowler John Wisden, proprietor of a sports outfitters in Cranbourn Street, brought out the first edition of The Cricketer's Almanack in the spring of 1864. The 112-page shilling pamphlet, padded with the dates of the English Civil War and the winners of the St Leger, was a competitor to Fred Lillywhite's existing Guide and would grow into the longest-running sports annual in history.

#wisden#john-wisden#almanack

MCC Legalises Overarm Bowling — Law 10 Rewritten, June 1864

n/a

1864-06-10

On 10 June 1864 the Marylebone Cricket Club rewrote Law 10 to permit a bowler to deliver the ball with his arm at any height, provided the action was not a throw. The change ended a half-century of legislative cat-and-mouse over how high a bowler could carry his hand and turned overarm — already the dominant style in practice — into the only style cricket would know.

#mcc#law-change#overarm-bowling

George Parr's English XII — Tour of Australia and New Zealand, 1863-64

George Parr's English XII vs Australian and New Zealand colonial sides

1864-03-01

Two years after the Stephenson tour, the All-England Eleven captain George Parr led a second English party to Australia and added New Zealand to the itinerary for the first time. The twelve professionals, again playing against odds, lost only one of their thirteen Australian fixtures and introduced overarm bowling — legalised back home midway through their voyage — to colonial spectators who had never seen it.

#george-parr#1863-64#australia-tour

Alfred Shaw's Emergence — Notts Debut and the Slow-Medium Revolution, 1864-66

Nottinghamshire vs Kent

1864-06-13

On 13 June 1864 a 21-year-old slow-medium bowler from Burton Joyce in Nottinghamshire made his first-class debut at Trent Bridge against Kent. Alfred Shaw — later 'the Emperor of Bowlers', the man who would bowl the first ball in Test cricket — had spent two seasons as a club professional at Grantham and had taken seven Notts wickets for the Colts in 1863. The 1864-66 emergence at Trent Bridge began a career that, more than any other, established the slow-medium length-and-line bowling that defined the next century of cricket.

#alfred-shaw#nottinghamshire#1864

William Caffyn in Australia — The Surrey Pro who Coached Charles Bannerman, 1864-1871

Melbourne CC; Warwick Club, Sydney; New South Wales

1864-04-01

William Caffyn — the Surrey all-rounder who had toured Australia twice — emigrated permanently after the 1863-64 Parr tour and spent eight years coaching in Melbourne and Sydney. The most influential of his pupils was Charles Bannerman, who would face the first ball in Test cricket and score the first Test century. Caffyn called Bannerman 'the best bat I ever saw or coached in Australia'. By the time Caffyn returned to England in 1871, Australian cricket had a foundation of professional technique that would translate, within six years, into Test status.

#william-caffyn#australian-coaching#warwick-club

Surrey's 1864 Title and Mid-Decade Decline — The End of the First Surrey Era

Surrey vs other counties

1864-09-01

Surrey, the dominant county of the 1850s, took the unofficial championship one last time in 1864 — winning eight and drawing three of eleven first-class matches — and then collapsed. The retirement of HH Stephenson, William Mortlock, Julius Caesar and Tom Lockyer combined with William Caffyn's emigration to Australia stripped the side of its core. By 1869 Surrey were largely carried by James Southerton's bowling and Ted Pooley's wicket-keeping; the recovery would not come until the early 1870s.

#surrey#the-oval#william-caffyn

John Wisden's Playing Career — From the 'Little Wonder' to Retirement, 1846-1863

Sussex, Kent, Middlesex; All-England Eleven; United All-England Eleven

1863-09-01

Long before John Wisden's name appeared on the spine of an almanack, he was the most feared fast bowler of his generation. At five feet four he was the smallest fast bowler in first-class history; nicknamed the 'Little Wonder' by umpire Bob Thoms, he took more than 1,000 first-class wickets at 6.66 between 1846 and 1863. In 1850 at Lord's he took all ten North-South wickets in an innings — every one bowled, the only ten-bowled innings in first-class history.

#john-wisden#little-wonder#sussex

Edgar Willsher No-Balled Six Times — The Walk-Off That Legalised Overarm, 1862

England XI vs Surrey

1862-08-26

Bowling for an England XI against Surrey at the Oval on 26 August 1862, the Kent left-armer Edgar Willsher was no-balled six times in a row by umpire John Lillywhite for raising his hand above the shoulder. Willsher and the eight other professionals in the team marched off the field in protest, leaving the two amateurs stranded. Lillywhite quietly stood down the next day, and within two years the MCC had legalised overarm bowling.

#edgar-willsher#john-lillywhite#overarm-bowling

Charles Lawrence — From Stephenson's Tour to Australia's First Professional Coach, 1862

Albert Cricket Club, Sydney; later New South Wales

1862-04-01

When the H.H. Stephenson tour of 1861-62 ended in March 1862, the Surrey-Middlesex left-armer Charles Lawrence stayed behind in Sydney rather than sail home. Engaged by the Albert Cricket Club at Redfern at £300 a year, he became the first paid professional cricket coach in Australian history, captained New South Wales, opened a sports goods shop in George Street, and laid the structural foundations on which the colonial game grew toward Test status.

#charles-lawrence#albert-cricket-club#sydney

E.M. Grace's MCC v Kent Match — 192 Not Out and 10 Wickets, 1862

MCC vs Kent

1862-08-15

Three years before his younger brother W.G. made his first-class debut, E.M. Grace produced one of the most extraordinary all-round performances in cricket history. Playing for the MCC at Canterbury Week against Kent on 14-15 August 1862, the 20-year-old from Downend carried his bat for 192 not out of an MCC total of 344, then took all ten Kent wickets in the first innings for 69 runs. The match, played 12-a-side, would not enter the official records — but the news of it travelled around the cricket world and made E.M. Grace a household name overnight.

#em-grace#the-coroner#1862

Heathfield Stephenson's All-England Eleven — The First English Tour of Australia, 1861-62

England (All-England XI) vs Australian colonial sides

1862-03-01

Twelve English professionals captained by Surrey's H.H. Stephenson sailed on Brunel's SS Great Britain to play the first cricket tour ever undertaken to Australia. Funded by the Melbourne caterers Felix Spiers and Christopher Pond, the team played 12 matches against odds of 18 and 22 between Christmas Day 1861 and March 1862, drawing 45,000 spectators across three days for the opening fixture against Victoria and laying the commercial foundation of all future Anglo-Australian cricket.

#hh-stephenson#spiers-and-pond#australia-tour-1861-62

The SS Great Britain — The Steamship that Took English Cricket to Australia

n/a

1861-10-19

Isambard Kingdom Brunel's iron-hulled SS Great Britain, the world's first ocean-going steamship with a screw propeller, carried both the H.H. Stephenson tour of 1861-62 and the George Parr tour of 1863-64 from Liverpool to Melbourne. The 66-day voyage of 1861, on which the cricketers practised on a deck-rigged net, was the indispensable logistical breakthrough that made commercial Anglo-Australian cricket possible.

#ss-great-britain#brunel#stephenson-tour