The Underarm Bowling Incident
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Several contentious DRS decisions during the 2023 World Cup Final added to India's frustration as they lost to Australia despite being unbeaten throughout the tournament.
The 2023 ICC Cricket World Cup was held in India, and the host nation was the story of the tournament. India won all ten of their group and knockout stage matches leading up to the final with a brand of cricket that was both dominant and deeply crowd-pleasing. Rohit Sharma's captaincy was praised, and the team had the feel of a side whose moment had finally arrived.
Australia, meanwhile, had navigated a rougher path — they lost their opening game to India and were beaten by South Africa before finding form at the right time. David Warner, Travis Head, and Steve Smith provided experience while Pat Cummins' pace attack was dangerous. Australia had won five World Cups; India had won two. The final at the Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad, was in front of 130,000 people — the largest cricket crowd in history.
The stakes could not have been higher. India had not won a 50-over World Cup since 2011, and the entire nation willed them across the line. The early overs were going to be critical — and they proved to be, in the most painful way for India.
India won the toss and elected to bat, which was expected — they had batted first successfully throughout the tournament. Rohit Sharma, India's most destructive opener, walked out to face the Australian pace attack in front of 130,000 fans generating extraordinary noise.
Early in Rohit's innings, a delivery from Pat Cummins generated an edge — or appeared to. The ball went to Josh Inglis behind the stumps. Cummins and Australia appealed. On-field umpire Richard Illingworth raised his finger: out, caught behind. Rohit reviewed immediately. The third umpire examined UltraEdge, which appeared to show a slight spike. The original decision was upheld.
The umpiring debate centred on two questions: did the spike genuinely indicate bat contact, or was it ground contact or bat-grip noise? And had the ball carried cleanly to Inglis? India were bowled out for 240 — well below par — and Australia chased it down comfortably via Travis Head's brilliant 137.
The 2023 World Cup Final between India and Australia at the Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad was a heartbreaking occasion for Indian cricket. India had gone through the tournament unbeaten but lost the final to a determined Australian side.
Several umpiring and DRS decisions during the match raised Indian eyebrows. Close calls on LBWs and caught-behind decisions went to review, and the outcomes didn't always favour the home side. In such a high-pressure match, every marginal decision felt amplified.
The most frustrating aspect for India was not any single decision but the accumulation of tight calls in a match they felt they should have won. Travis Head's brilliant 137 was the match-winning innings, and while no single umpiring decision can be blamed for India's defeat, the perception of marginal calls going against them added to the pain.
The loss was devastating for Indian cricket. Having dominated the entire tournament — winning 10 consecutive matches — falling at the final hurdle was cruel. The umpiring decisions, while largely correct, became part of the narrative of what might have been.
Rohit Sharma given out caught behind early in India's innings — DRS upholds the on-field decision
UltraEdge shows a spike at the right moment, but India question whether it was bat contact
India collapse — Virat Kohli's 54 and KL Rahul's 66 are the only significant contributions
India bowled out for 240 — well below the par score for Ahmedabad
Travis Head smashes 137 from 120 balls, dismantling India's bowling attack
Australia win by 6 wickets with 42 balls to spare — a one-sided conclusion to a tournament India had dominated
19 Nov 2023, Toss
India win toss and elect to bat at Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad (130,000 spectators)
India 1st wicket
Rohit Sharma given out caught behind off Pat Cummins; DRS upholds the decision
India middle overs
India struggle for partnerships; Kohli makes 54, Rahul 66 but no one kicks on
India all out
India bowled out for 240 — well below the 300+ most predicted for this pitch
Australia chase
Travis Head and David Warner give Australia a flying start
Match end
Head scores 137; Australia win by 6 wickets — India's unbeaten tournament run ends in the final
“I thought it was a clean nick. These decisions are very tight. What can you do?”
“UltraEdge showed what it showed. The process was followed. Sometimes technology upholds your decision, sometimes not.”
“Travis Head's innings was the difference. Forget everything else — that was batting of the highest quality.”
“On the biggest stage, Australia found their best player. That's why they have five World Cups.”
The pain for India was immense. To go unbeaten for ten matches and then lose so comprehensively in the final — at home, in front of the world — was devastating. The DRS decisions were dissected overnight on Indian television, with analysts frame-by-framing the UltraEdge spike on Rohit's dismissal.
ICC match officials stood by their decisions. The DRS protocol was followed correctly — the third umpire had sufficient evidence to overturn the decision (or in this case, to uphold it), and the spike on UltraEdge met the standard of conclusive proof. There was no formal protest from the BCCI.
Travis Head's innings overshadowed all else. His century was one of the finest in World Cup final history and was entirely independent of any umpiring call. India were outplayed on the day, a fact that most Indian cricket fans — after the initial grief — acknowledged.
Umpiring was broadly correct, but tight margins in the biggest match amplified every close decision. Australia's victory was deserved.
The 2023 World Cup Final became a watershed moment in Indian cricket — the day the invincible machine was finally stopped. The umpiring decisions have faded in significance over time as Head's batting brilliance became the dominant narrative.
The match sparked fresh debate about the DRS review process in finals — should both teams have additional reviews given the elevated stakes? The ICC has not changed its review allocation, but the idea has been raised in cricketing forums. The match also renewed the conversation about whether batting first in finals is strategically sound, with dew affecting the evening innings's ball behaviour.
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Australia vs India
7 February 1981
Sunil Gavaskar was given out LBW to Dennis Lillee off a ball that clearly hit his bat first. He was so furious he tried to take his batting partner Chetan Chauhan off the field with him.
Australia vs India
2-6 January 2008
One of the most controversial Tests ever — terrible umpiring decisions, racial abuse allegations, and India threatening to abandon the tour.