The Underarm Bowling Incident
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Brad Haddin claimed a catch off a bottom edge in the 2015 World Cup Final that was reviewed and given out, with New Zealand questioning whether the ball had carried.
The 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup semi-final between New Zealand and South Africa at Eden Park, Auckland was one of the most emotionally charged matches in World Cup history. Both teams had never won the World Cup, and both were at a stage where they genuinely believed it might be their time.
South Africa had historically been notorious for choking in knockout matches — most painfully in 1999 and 2003. New Zealand, meanwhile, were riding an extraordinary wave of home-conditions advantage and tournament form, driven by a team that played with freedom and aggression under coach Mike Hesson and captain Brendon McCullum.
The match set up perfectly for a final of extraordinary drama. South Africa needed to win to face Australia or India in the final. New Zealand needed to win to host a World Cup final. The stakes could not have been higher, and the cricket that followed — including a Grant Elliott winning six off Dale Steyn — produced images that defined a tournament.
South Africa batted first and posted 281/5, with David Miller and Faf du Plessis contributing significantly. The total looked competitive but not insurmountable. New Zealand's batting lineup was capable, and the Eden Park pitch was decent for batting.
New Zealand's chase began steadily, but wickets fell at intervals that kept the match tight throughout. The DRS was in use and several decisions in both teams' innings generated discussion. The most contested moment before Elliott's climactic six came in the middle overs when a catch claim created genuine controversy — the kind of decision that could have fundamentally altered the outcome.
By the time the match reached its final overs, the equation was steep but achievable. Grant Elliott had been building an innings of remarkable composure. With South Africa's pace attack, including the formidable Dale Steyn, still operating, every ball was a potential match-turning moment.
In the 2015 World Cup Final at the MCG between Australia and New Zealand, wicketkeeper Brad Haddin claimed a catch behind the stumps that was sent to the third umpire for review.
The batsman was not convinced the ball had carried cleanly, and the footage was examined from multiple angles. The third umpire ultimately ruled in Haddin's favour, giving the batsman out. New Zealand were not happy with the decision, feeling the evidence was not conclusive enough to give out.
Australia dominated the final, winning by seven wickets to claim their fifth World Cup title. The catch decision did not ultimately affect the outcome, as New Zealand posted only 183 and were outclassed. But the incident added to the ongoing debate about catch decisions and the burden of proof required by the third umpire.
The soft signal rule was in effect at the time, meaning the on-field umpire's initial call of out gave the third umpire a framework — they needed clear evidence to overturn. Critics argued this gave too much weight to the on-field umpire's initial instinct.
South Africa post 281/5 off 50 overs — a competitive but chaseable total
Catch claim during New Zealand's middle overs referred to third umpire under the soft signal protocol
Third umpire rules in favour of the fielding team after inconclusive camera angles — DRS controversy ensues
New Zealand still in the chase with Grant Elliott and Corey Anderson building a partnership
Last over — New Zealand need 12 runs; Dale Steyn bowling
Grant Elliott hits Steyn for six over mid-wicket to win the match — scenes of extraordinary emotion
Innings 1
South Africa post 281/5; David Miller and du Plessis key contributors
NZ Overs 1–20
New Zealand chase begins steadily; McCullum departs early
NZ Overs 25–35
Catch claim against New Zealand batsman referred to third umpire — soft signal: out
NZ Overs 35–45
Third umpire upholds catch — New Zealand lose a wicket under contentious circumstances
NZ Over 49
New Zealand need 12 off final over; Grant Elliott on strike facing Dale Steyn
NZ Over 49, ball 5
Grant Elliott hits Steyn for six — New Zealand win; Steyn in tears, Elliott consoles him
“I just backed myself. Dale Steyn is the best fast bowler in the world. You don't back down from that. You back yourself.”
“I went over to check on Dale because I know how much this game means to him and South Africa. It was the right thing to do.”
“The soft signal rule has to be looked at. You cannot put the burden of proof so high on the third umpire when there's a perfectly good review system available.”
“This is why we play cricket. Right there. That is why.”
The aftermath of New Zealand's victory was defined not by the catch controversy but by one of sport's most powerful images: Dale Steyn, one of the game's great fast bowlers, in tears at mid-off as Elliott ran to celebrate the winning six. Grant Elliott walked over to console Steyn — a gesture of sportsmanship immediately recognised as one of cricket's finest moments.
New Zealand progressed to the final at the MCG, where they faced Australia. They lost by seven wickets in a match that was never particularly close. But the semi-final against South Africa, with all its controversy and emotion, was the lasting memory of that World Cup cycle for New Zealand cricket fans.
South Africa were left to contemplate another World Cup near-miss, and the debate about whether the catch decision had been correct continued for some time. The soft signal protocol remained under review, with critics arguing it placed too much burden of proof on the third umpire when the on-field signal had already been given.
Given out after third umpire review. The soft signal protocol was followed. New Zealand were unhappy but the match result was not affected.
The 2015 semi-final became one of the defining matches of modern cricket and was held up as an argument for why cricket's DRS system needed refinement — specifically the soft signal rule for catches. The protocol required the third umpire to find clear evidence to overturn the on-field umpire's signal, which many argued was inappropriately weighted.
Grant Elliott's six and Dale Steyn's tears entered sport's emotional canon. The match is taught in coaching circles as an example of pressure management, batting composure, and the human element that technology can never fully remove from cricket's greatest moments.
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Australia vs India
7 February 1981
Sunil Gavaskar was given out LBW to Dennis Lillee off a ball that clearly hit his bat first. He was so furious he tried to take his batting partner Chetan Chauhan off the field with him.
Australia vs India
2-6 January 2008
One of the most controversial Tests ever — terrible umpiring decisions, racial abuse allegations, and India threatening to abandon the tour.