The Underarm Bowling Incident
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Shane Watson was given not out LBW to Zaheer Khan early in Australia's innings when replays showed the ball hitting middle stump. No DRS existed. Watson scored 25 and Australia posted 260. India successfully chased but the error gifted Australia extra runs and made the chase far more difficult.
The 2011 ICC World Cup quarter-final between India and Australia at Ahmedabad was one of the most anticipated knockout matches in World Cup history. Australia were the defending champions — having won the previous four World Cups — and were widely considered the most formidable one-day team ever assembled. India, playing in front of their home crowd at the Sardar Patel Stadium, were desperate to end Australia's dominance and advance to a home semi-final.
The match was part of the same World Cup in which India — led by Dhoni, with Tendulkar, Kohli, and Yuvraj in brilliant form — were the pre-tournament favourites alongside Australia and South Africa. The absence of DRS from the 2011 World Cup meant all decisions were final and any umpiring error had to be absorbed by the affected side without recourse.
Shane Watson was one of Australia's most dangerous openers. His ability to hit boundaries from ball one and disrupt the length of opposition bowlers made removing him early a key priority for India. Zaheer Khan, India's premier fast bowler, was tasked with the new ball.
Australia batted first at Sardar Patel Stadium in front of a partisan Indian crowd. The atmosphere was electric and every moment was broadcast to hundreds of millions across the country. Zaheer Khan opened the bowling for India with the intention of getting Australia's openers out cheaply and applying early pressure.
Early in the Australian innings, Zaheer struck Shane Watson on the pad with a delivery that swung back in. The appeal went up. Umpire Marais Erasmus — one of the neutral umpires officiating — considered the appeal and gave it not out. The broadcast replays showed the ball hitting middle stump at the appropriate height. No DRS was available for India to challenge the decision.
Watson continued batting. The decision was not as match-defining as some umpiring errors in knockout cricket, but it gave Australia extra runs in a total that proved to make India's chase far more difficult than it might otherwise have been.
Shane Watson was struck on the front pad by Zaheer Khan early in Australia's innings. Umpire Marais Erasmus turned down the LBW appeal. Broadcast replays using ball-tracking showed the delivery was hitting middle stump at the correct height for an LBW. No DRS was available — ICC had not deployed it for the tournament. Watson went on to score 25 before being dismissed. Australia posted 260/6, with Ponting contributing a composed 104. India chased successfully — Tendulkar scoring 53 before being run out, and Kohli's composed 24 helping India over the line. India won by 5 wickets with 14 balls remaining. Despite India's comfortable win, the Watson reprieve gifted Australia around 20-25 additional runs and added pressure to a chase that India ultimately handled with controlled authority.
Zaheer Khan strikes Shane Watson on the front pad with an inswinging delivery — loud LBW appeal — Marais Erasmus turns it down
Broadcast replays show ball-tracking hitting middle stump — Indian players and commentators note the error — no DRS available
Watson continues to 25 before dismissal — his additional runs contributing to Australia's competitive total
Ricky Ponting scores 104 off 118 balls — Australia post 260/6 — a total that makes India's chase demanding but not impossible
India chase 261 successfully — Tendulkar run out for 53 — Kohli and Yuvraj see India home — India win by 5 wickets — Australia knocked out of consecutive World Cup
Toss
Australia win toss and elect to bat — Sardar Patel Stadium packed with a partisan Indian crowd
Australia innings — over 2
Zaheer Khan strikes Watson on the front pad — Erasmus turns it down — replay shows ball hitting middle stump — no DRS
Australia innings — middle overs
Watson departs for 25 — Ponting arrives and constructs a masterful century off 118 balls
Australia innings — conclusion
Australia post 260/6 — Ponting's 104 the cornerstone — total is challenging but chaseable for India at this ground
India innings — early
Tendulkar and Sehwag give India a steady start — Tendulkar's 53 settling India's nerves
India innings — middle
Tendulkar run out for 53 — Kohli (24) and Yuvraj steady India — Dhoni controls the chase from the lower middle order
Match end
India reach 261/5 with 14 balls remaining — 5-wicket win — Australia knocked out — semi-final against Pakistan confirmed for Mohali
“You ask me about the decision at the start of the innings and I'll tell you — the umpire made the call and we had no DRS. That's the game we were playing. India still had to chase 260, which they did very well.”
“Zaheer was brilliant that tournament. He got the ball to move and he asked questions. He asked that question early and didn't get the answer he deserved. But India got the right result in the end.”
“When Tendulkar hit that boundary and India got close, the crowd — you can't describe it. Every single person in that stadium knew history was happening.”
“Australia had won everything for so long that beating them felt like a release. Not just a result — a release. The whole country felt it.”
India's win over Australia in the 2011 quarter-final ended a streak of four consecutive Australian World Cup titles. The victory was celebrated wildly across India and set up a semi-final against Pakistan — the most watched cricket match in history. The Watson LBW was noted in post-match analysis as a decision that added difficulty to India's chase, but India's comfortable win margin of 5 wickets with 14 balls to spare meant the error did not ultimately change the result.
The incident contributed to the growing body of evidence used by ICC administrators arguing for mandatory DRS at World Cup knockout matches. Australia, as one of the ICC's most powerful boards, had been resistant to DRS adoption at times, but the 2011 quarter-final was one of several occasions where the absence of the technology produced a documented incorrect decision.
Shane Watson was given not out LBW to Zaheer Khan on a delivery replays showed was hitting middle stump. No DRS was available. Watson scored 25 and Australia posted 260. India chased successfully to win by 5 wickets — eliminating the four-time defending champions. The decision added difficulty to India's chase but did not change the result, and sits in the 2011 World Cup's broader catalogue of umpiring errors that made the case for mandatory DRS at ICC knockout tournaments.
The 2011 World Cup quarter-final is remembered primarily for India's dominant victory over Australia — a team that had been their nemesis in World Cup cricket — and for Sachin Tendulkar's 53, which moved him closer to his long-awaited World Cup winner's medal. The Watson LBW reprieve is a historical footnote rather than a match-defining moment, but it sits in the catalogue of 2011 World Cup decisions that collectively made the case for DRS adoption.
India went on to win the 2011 World Cup, defeating Sri Lanka in the final at the Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai. The quarter-final victory against Australia was the moment the Indian public believed the trophy was possible, and Tendulkar's subsequent celebration — being carried on the shoulders of his team-mates — became one of the iconic images of the tournament.
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Australia vs India
7 February 1981
Sunil Gavaskar was given out LBW to Dennis Lillee off a ball that clearly hit his bat first. He was so furious he tried to take his batting partner Chetan Chauhan off the field with him.
Australia vs India
2-6 January 2008
One of the most controversial Tests ever — terrible umpiring decisions, racial abuse allegations, and India threatening to abandon the tour.