The Underarm Bowling Incident
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Tamim Iqbal survived an early LBW when umpire Ian Gould gave it not out and England's review found nothing on Hot Spot. Tamim scored 95 and Bangladesh won by 15 runs — knocking England out of the World Cup at the group stage for the first time in their history.
Bangladesh versus England at the 2015 World Cup in Adelaide was supposed to be a straightforward England victory. England had never been knocked out of a World Cup at the group stage and were ranked considerably higher than Bangladesh in ODI cricket. The match on 9 March 2015 was treated by many in the English media as a formality — a win that would confirm their place in the knockout stages alongside Australia.
Bangladesh had other ideas. The 2015 World Cup coincided with a period of genuine improvement in Bangladeshi cricket. Their batting had become more consistent and they had match-winners capable of performing on the biggest stages. Captain Mashrafe Mortaza had built a tight unit and the Adelaide Oval — a neutral venue in Australia — levelled the playing field that might otherwise have tilted towards England.
The match was being broadcast globally with DRS fully operational, meaning every umpiring decision was subject to review. The technology used — including Hot Spot, Snickometer, and ball-tracking — was the most sophisticated available in 2015. Tamim Iqbal was Bangladesh's most dangerous opening batsman and the player England most needed to remove early.
England bowled first after winning the toss. Removing the Bangladesh openers early was the key tactical priority — Tamim Iqbal and Anamul Haque were capable of setting a total that would make the chase difficult.
Early in Bangladesh's innings, Tamim Iqbal was struck on the pad by a delivery from England's bowlers. On-field umpire Ian Gould gave it not out. England immediately reviewed the decision. The DRS process went through ball-tracking, Snickometer, and critically Hot Spot. Hot Spot — which uses infrared imaging to detect any heat generated by ball-on-pad or ball-on-bat contact — showed no mark on Tamim's pad, which created uncertainty about whether the ball had hit bat before pad, or whether the point of impact was not fully registering.
The third umpire upheld Gould's not-out decision and Tamim remained. England's review was burned. Whether the Hot Spot reading accurately captured what had happened became a matter of intense debate, but under the DRS protocols as applied, the decision stood.
Tamim Iqbal was struck on the front pad early in Bangladesh's innings and umpire Ian Gould gave it not out. England reviewed the decision. Hot Spot did not clearly show a heat mark at the point of impact, creating ambiguity about whether the ball had made clean contact with the pad. The third umpire upheld Gould's decision under the DRS protocol that the original decision stands unless overturned beyond reasonable doubt. Tamim capitalised on his survival, going on to score 95 from 107 balls in a defining innings that anchored Bangladesh's total of 275/7. England's chase fell short by 15 runs — Bangladesh won and England were eliminated from the World Cup at the pool stage, the first time this had ever happened in their history.
England bowl first at Adelaide Oval — early wickets the priority against Bangladesh's dangerous top order
Tamim Iqbal struck on the front pad — Ian Gould gives not out — England immediately review using DRS
Hot Spot fails to show a clear heat mark — third umpire upholds not-out decision — Tamim survives — England's review burned
Tamim scores 95 from 107 balls — builds the platform for Bangladesh's competitive total of 275/7
England fall 15 runs short in their chase — Bangladesh win — England knocked out of the World Cup at the group stage for the first time in history
Toss
England win toss and elect to bowl — strategy based on removing Bangladesh cheaply and setting a manageable chase
Bangladesh innings — over 2
Tamim Iqbal struck on the front pad — Ian Gould not out — England review — Hot Spot inconclusive — decision upheld — Tamim survives
Bangladesh innings — middle overs
Tamim anchors the Bangladesh innings — builds partnership after early wicket at the other end — accelerates as the innings progresses
Bangladesh innings — final overs
Tamim dismissed for 95 — Bangladesh capitalise on his platform to post 275/7 — a highly competitive total at Adelaide Oval
England innings — early
England begin their chase steadily — Ballance and Bell giving England a platform
England innings — collapse
Bangladesh take wickets at regular intervals in the middle and lower order — England unable to sustain the required rate
Match end
England bowled out for 260 — Bangladesh win by 15 runs — England eliminated from the World Cup group stage for the first time in history
“When you survive an early scare like that and then go on to make runs, you remember every ball. I knew I had to make it count. Bangladesh needed me to stay in.”
“Hot Spot is a great piece of technology but it is not infallible. In certain conditions it can miss contacts. We reviewed it because we believed it was out. Whether we were right will always be a question.”
“That day in Adelaide changed English cricket. Nobody wants to admit it but sometimes you need something terrible to happen before you're willing to rebuild.”
“Bangladesh were the better team on the day. The DRS is what it is — you use it, you get a result, you live with it. But Tamim's innings was exceptional regardless.”
England's exit from the 2015 World Cup was a watershed moment in their cricketing history. The loss to Bangladesh triggered a sweeping review of English white-ball cricket that eventually led to the appointment of Trevor Bayliss as head coach and a complete restructuring of their ODI approach.
The Tamim Hot Spot controversy generated extended technical debate about the reliability of Hot Spot technology in specific atmospheric and pitch conditions. Sceptics of the technology pointed to the Adelaide match as evidence that Hot Spot could produce false negatives — failing to register a genuine contact. Defenders of the technology argued that the absence of a mark was consistent with the ball hitting a part of the pad with insufficient friction to generate detectable heat. The debate was never definitively resolved.
Tamim Iqbal survived an early LBW appeal when Hot Spot failed to show a clear heat mark on his pad. On-field umpire Ian Gould's not-out decision was upheld by the third umpire under the DRS protocol of requiring conclusive evidence to overturn. Tamim scored 95 and Bangladesh won by 15 runs — eliminating England from the World Cup group stage for the first time in history. The incident exposed limitations in Hot Spot technology under specific contact and atmospheric conditions.
England's group-stage exit from the 2015 World Cup is one of the defining moments of modern English cricket. The defeat to Bangladesh started a chain of events — coaching changes, selection philosophy shifts, a new aggressive batting philosophy — that culminated in England winning the 2019 World Cup on home soil. Without the humiliation of Adelaide, the transformation might never have happened.
The Tamim LBW DRS controversy is remembered as a case study in the limitations of Hot Spot technology. The system was designed to remove human error from umpiring decisions, but its dependence on detecting heat generated by friction meant it was susceptible to edge conditions — low-friction contacts, atmospheric temperature, ball condition — that could produce inconclusive or misleading readings. The 2015 Adelaide incident contributed to ongoing refinements in how Hot Spot data was interpreted and weighted within DRS protocols.
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Australia vs India
7 February 1981
Sunil Gavaskar was given out LBW to Dennis Lillee off a ball that clearly hit his bat first. He was so furious he tried to take his batting partner Chetan Chauhan off the field with him.
Australia vs India
2-6 January 2008
One of the most controversial Tests ever — terrible umpiring decisions, racial abuse allegations, and India threatening to abandon the tour.