The Underarm Bowling Incident
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
In the first of the two Sharjah finals, Sachin Tendulkar was given out LBW to a ball that appeared to be heading down leg. The decision denied fans a potentially historic innings.
Sharjah in the 1990s was the unofficial capital of one-day cricket. The small Gulf emirate hosted an extraordinary number of ODI triangular tournaments, drawing packed crowds of South Asian expatriates and generating enormous television revenue. For players like Sachin Tendulkar, these matches on the neutral ground carried the same emotional weight as home internationals.
The April 1998 Coca-Cola Cup was set against the backdrop of burgeoning allegations about match-fixing in Sharjah cricket. Australian captain Mark Taylor had privately raised concerns about the integrity of matches, and the Dubai-based bookmaking networks were at the peak of their influence. These concerns would explode into public view only two years later in the Hansie Cronje revelations.
Despite this shadow, the tournament produced what many consider the finest back-to-back ODI performances in history. Tendulkar's "Desert Storm" innings — 143 in the qualifying match against Australia to force a final, followed by 134 in the final itself — elevated him to a form of secular sainthood in Indian cricket. Any dismissal of his, however, was treated as a potential injustice by millions of fans.
The qualifying match on 22 April was make-or-break for India. They needed to beat Australia and hope New Zealand lost to qualify for the final. As the match progressed, a sandstorm swept across the Sharjah stadium — a genuinely eerie sight — and the target was revised. Tendulkar attacked with such ferocity that he needed to score at a historically extraordinary rate to keep India in contention.
His innings of 143 off 131 balls, largely against Shane Warne and the Australian pace attack, was played at a time before T20 cricket had normalised such scoring. He hit three sixes and nine fours and won the match almost by himself. Two days later in the final, he scored another century.
During the tournament's earlier stages, there was a contentious LBW dismissal involving Tendulkar against Australia where replays suggested the ball was angling down leg side — the kind of decision that in the DRS era would be overturned immediately. In 1998, the only recourse was resignation.
The Sharjah Desert Storm matches of April 1998 are among the most celebrated in cricket history. In the first final against Australia, Sachin Tendulkar played one of his greatest innings, smashing 143 off 131 balls in what was essentially a must-win match to qualify for the second final.
However, in the actual second final, Tendulkar was given out LBW for 134 to a Shane Warne delivery. While this was a substantial score, in an earlier qualifying match against Australia in the same tournament, he was dismissed LBW by umpire to a delivery that appeared to be going down the leg side.
Tendulkar's Sharjah performances are remembered as some of the finest in ODI history, but the questionable LBW calls in the tournament were part of a pattern that frustrated Indian fans throughout the 1990s. Without DRS, batsmen had no recourse against such decisions.
These incidents from Sharjah contributed to the growing demand for technology in cricket, a movement that would eventually lead to the introduction of ball tracking and the DRS system.
A Sharjah sandstorm during the qualifying match on 22 April creates a surreal backdrop for Tendulkar's batting
Tendulkar smashes 143 off 131 balls to drag India to victory and into the final
Contentious LBW dismissal in an earlier match — ball tracking would later show the trajectory as missing leg stump
Tendulkar scores 134 in the final on 24 April, his second century in three days
Shane Warne later calls this the period that made him rethink his entire bowling strategy against Tendulkar
Post-tournament, fixing allegations intensify and all Sharjah cricket of this era comes under retrospective scrutiny
22 April 1998
Qualifying match: sandstorm sweeps Sharjah during India vs Australia; Tendulkar scores 143 off 131 balls
22 April, mid-innings
Contentious LBW dismissal in the tournament; replays suggest ball angling down leg
22 April, final over
India win the qualifying match; Tendulkar's innings forces their entry into the final
24 April 1998
Final: Tendulkar scores 134; India win the Coca-Cola Cup
2000
Hansie Cronje match-fixing scandal breaks; all Sharjah cricket of the 1990s comes under inquiry
2001–2003
Hawk-Eye ball-tracking introduced to cricket broadcasts; DRS development accelerates
“He just hit me into places I didn't think were possible. I had to completely rethink how I bowled to him after Sharjah.”
“The ball was clearly going down leg side. These things happen when there's no review system. You just have to accept it and move on.”
“In that sandstorm, under those floodlights, Sachin batted like he was in a trance. It was the greatest batting I have ever seen live.”
The immediate aftermath was pure celebration — India won the Coca-Cola Cup and Tendulkar's batting had transcended sport and become cultural mythology. But within months the cricket world was rocked by the Hansie Cronje match-fixing scandal, and investigators began examining all Sharjah matches of the 1990s for suspicious patterns.
The CBI inquiry in India and the King Commission in South Africa both reviewed Sharjah cricket extensively. While no specific result involving Tendulkar's innings was ever found to have been fixed, the inquiry confirmed that bookmakers had penetrated the Sharjah ecosystem deeply, with certain players in various matches providing pitch and weather information for payment.
The LBW decision controversy was largely buried under the weight of the celebrations, but it became a data point in the broader campaign for ball-tracking technology. Hawk-Eye was in development at the time and would be introduced to Test cricket as a broadcast tool by 2001.
No review available in that era. The decisions stood and contributed to calls for ball-tracking technology.
The Sharjah 1998 matches are today remembered almost exclusively through the prism of Tendulkar's genius. The "Desert Storm" innings remains the most-watched ODI footage on the Indian internet, revisited endlessly by fans who were not yet born when it was played. The fixing context has not diminished the affection for those innings — partly because Tendulkar himself was never implicated in any wrongdoing.
The episode accelerated two separate developments: the introduction of DRS, driven partly by frustration at the helplessness of batsmen against umpiring errors with no recourse; and the anti-corruption infrastructure that the ICC built after 2000, including ACSU and strict codes of conduct. Sharjah's hosting rights were eventually reduced as part of the ICC's effort to remove tournaments from environments perceived as vulnerable to manipulation.
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Australia vs India
7 February 1981
Sunil Gavaskar was given out LBW to Dennis Lillee off a ball that clearly hit his bat first. He was so furious he tried to take his batting partner Chetan Chauhan off the field with him.
Australia vs India
2-6 January 2008
One of the most controversial Tests ever — terrible umpiring decisions, racial abuse allegations, and India threatening to abandon the tour.