The Underarm Bowling Incident
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
In the 2003 World Cup India-Pakistan match, Sachin Tendulkar was bowled by Shoaib Akhtar early in his innings, but Pakistan failed to appeal for an LBW earlier, and there were claims Akhtar was overstepping throughout.
The 2003 ICC Cricket World Cup Super Six stage brought together the tournament's best teams for a round-robin to decide the semi-finalists. The India-Pakistan match at Centurion Park on 1 March 2003 was the fixture everyone had circled — it was the first World Cup meeting between the two rivals since India's win in the 1996 quarter-final, and it carried all the political and emotional weight of the subcontinent rivalry.
Shoaib Akhtar was, at that time, arguably the fastest bowler on the planet. He had recorded 161.3 km/h at the previous World Cup and was the key threat Pakistan posed to any batting line-up. Against India, the spotlight fell on the Shoaib-Sachin duel — two of cricket's biggest personalities and biggest talents facing off on cricket's biggest stage.
Tendulkar had struggled somewhat for form in the lead-up to this game but had a record of performing in high-pressure India-Pakistan encounters. The match was one the entire cricket world was watching, making every early umpiring decision feel magnified beyond its actual significance.
India batted first and needed a solid platform. Tendulkar walked in at number two — his usual position in ODIs — amid enormous expectation. Shoaib was steaming in off his long run, generating serious pace. The crease of the Centurion pitch had pace and bounce that suited Akhtar.
Early in Tendulkar's innings, Shoaib delivered a thunderbolt that crashed into the stumps. The crowd erupted — then paused. Umpire Rudi Koertzen raised his arm horizontally — no-ball. Replays appeared to show Akhtar's foot was on or near the line, though some angles made the call look marginal. The dismissal was cancelled and Tendulkar survived.
What followed was one of the great ODI innings. Tendulkar counter-attacked, repeatedly lifting Akhtar over the infield with crunching upper-cuts that became the iconic images of the match. He finished with 98 from 75 balls, guiding India to 273/7 before India bowled Pakistan out for 173. The no-ball moment was where the match turned.
The India-Pakistan clash in the 2003 World Cup at Centurion is remembered for Sachin Tendulkar's masterful 98 and India's emphatic victory. However, early in his innings, Tendulkar was beaten and bowled by Shoaib Akhtar.
But wait — umpire Steve Bucknor had already given a wide for the delivery. However, it was Tendulkar's counter-attacking innings that followed which raised umpiring questions. Multiple Shoaib Akhtar deliveries throughout the match appeared to be marginal front-foot calls, with the Pakistani speedster regularly pushing the limits.
Akhtar's front-foot no-ball issues were a recurring problem throughout his career. He was frequently criticized for overstepping, and the lack of consistent enforcement was seen as an advantage for the Pakistan pace attack.
The match is best remembered for Tendulkar's magnificent upper-cuts off Akhtar, but the front-foot umpiring across the series highlighted a systemic issue with no-ball detection that would only be resolved years later with technology.
Shoaib Akhtar bowls Sachin Tendulkar early in the innings — clean-bowled
Umpire Rudi Koertzen signals no-ball — Tendulkar survives; replays show it was marginal
Tendulkar launches into a counter-attack, upper-cutting Shoaib over point for six
India reach 273/7 — Sachin's 98 is the backbone of the innings
Pakistan bowled out for 173; India win by 6 wickets (Duckworth-Lewis adjusted) on a revised chase
The no-ball reprieve is debated for years as the moment that changed the match
March 1, 2003
India vs Pakistan Super Six match at Centurion Park, South Africa
India batting, early overs
Shoaib Akhtar bowls Sachin Tendulkar — clean-bowled through the gate
Umpire signal
Rudi Koertzen signals no-ball; Sachin survives on a marginal front-foot call
Sachin counter-attack
Tendulkar upper-cuts Shoaib over point for six — shot of the World Cup
End of innings
India reach 273/7; Sachin out for 98 from 75 balls
Pakistan innings
India bowl Pakistan out for 173; India win by 6 wickets (DL method)
“I didn't know it was a no-ball. I just knew I was still in. Then I decided to play my natural game.”
“That was on the line, maybe over. But the umpire has to decide in a fraction of a second. It's not easy.”
“The upper-cut was the shot of the tournament. Whatever happened with the no-ball, that innings was extraordinary.”
“Sachin was always going to be difficult. But we gifted him that reprieve and he made us pay.”
India went on to win the match convincingly and progress to the semi-finals, where they lost to Kenya — though that match had its own weather complications. The Tendulkar-Shoaib no-ball became the talking point for weeks after the tournament.
Pakistan were incensed. Inzamam-ul-Haq and Waqar Younis both alluded to the marginal nature of the call in post-match press conferences, though they stopped short of accusing the umpire of an error. The ICC did not review the decision retroactively.
The incident accelerated conversations about automated no-ball detection technology. For years, the front-foot call had been one of cricket's most inconsistently enforced Laws, especially for fast bowlers who were known to push the limits. It took more than a decade for the IPL to begin trialling automated no-ball tech in 2020, with more widespread adoption following.
Various front-foot calls were marginal throughout. No technology existed to check in real-time. The systemic issue wasn't resolved until automated no-ball detection was introduced.
The Sachin innings that followed the no-ball reprieve became one of ODI cricket's defining moments — the upper-cut off Shoaib, the composure under extreme pressure, and the weight of a billion expectations met. The no-ball remains a footnote to a magnificent innings, but a significant footnote.
The incident is often cited in arguments about the inadequacy of human no-ball detection. Front-foot calls require an umpire to watch the bowler's foot land, then immediately look up for LBW or caught-behind — an almost impossible multi-task. Automated no-ball detection, when it finally arrived, removed this impossible burden.
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Australia vs India
7 February 1981
Sunil Gavaskar was given out LBW to Dennis Lillee off a ball that clearly hit his bat first. He was so furious he tried to take his batting partner Chetan Chauhan off the field with him.
Australia vs India
2-6 January 2008
One of the most controversial Tests ever — terrible umpiring decisions, racial abuse allegations, and India threatening to abandon the tour.