The Underarm Bowling Incident
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
India captain Rohit Sharma was given out caught behind for 47 off Pat Cummins in the 2023 WC Final. His DRS review was turned down after UltraEdge showed a disputed spike. Some analysts argued contact was not made. India were bowled out for 240 and Australia won by 6 wickets.
The 2023 ICC Cricket World Cup Final at the Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad was the most anticipated cricket match in years. India, playing in front of over 130,000 fans at the world's largest cricket stadium, had gone through the entire tournament unbeaten — winning all 10 of their games before the final.
Australia, typically, had started the tournament poorly before finding their best cricket in the knockout stages. Under Pat Cummins' captaincy, they had beaten South Africa in the semi-final with a world-class performance and arrived at the final as underdogs in name but experienced campaigners in fact.
Rohit Sharma was India's captain and their most explosive batting weapon at the top of the order. He had been the engine of India's batting throughout the tournament, scoring at a phenomenal strike rate and setting up innings that India's middle and lower order then consolidated. Against Australia in the final, he faced Pat Cummins — one of the world's best fast bowlers.
India batted first at the Narendra Modi Stadium. The crowd of 132,000 — the largest ever to watch a cricket match — created an atmosphere of extraordinary intensity. For Rohit Sharma, playing in front of his home fans, with India in a World Cup Final, the moment carried everything.
Australia's bowlers came out with a disciplined plan. Cummins and Hazlewood targeted the top of off stump and attempted to nip the ball back into the right-handed Indian batsmen early in the innings. The Ahmedabad surface was expected to be batting-friendly, but the Australian fast bowlers generated more movement than expected.
Rohit played aggressively, as was his nature. He scored 47 from 31 balls, hitting 4 fours and 3 sixes, giving India momentum in their innings. The partnership with Shubman Gill was India's best of the match. When Rohit was on 47, Cummins bowled a delivery that appeared to take his edge — wicketkeeper Josh Inglis appealed, and umpire Marais Erasmus gave it out.
The dismissal of Rohit Sharma for 47 — and the subsequent DRS review he took — became the most discussed moment of the 2023 World Cup Final. Umpire Marais Erasmus gave Rohit out caught behind off a Pat Cummins delivery. Rohit immediately reviewed.
The third umpire went to UltraEdge. The waveform showed a spike as the ball passed Rohit's bat. However, the analysis of when exactly the spike occurred — and whether it represented contact between ball and bat — was the critical question. Some frame-by-frame analysis after the match appeared to show the spike occurring fractionally after the ball had passed the bat position, suggesting the spike was caused by the bat moving through its arc rather than by contact with the ball.
The third umpire reviewed the footage and upheld the on-field out decision. Rohit walked off shaking his head, looking at his bat as he departed. The Indian dugout was animated.
India never recovered from Rohit's dismissal. His 47 had been their best innings, and with him departed, India's batting stuttered. They finished on 240/10 from 50 overs — a total that Australia chased with comfort. Labuschagne (58*), Maxwell (33), and Inglis each contributed, and Australia won by 6 wickets to claim an unprecedented 6th World Cup title.
The controversy was significant in its context: India had been unbeaten in the tournament, were playing at home in front of 132,000 fans, and were dismissed for 240 in a final that Australia won comfortably. Post-match, the UltraEdge analysis spread rapidly on social media, with many Indian fans and some analysts arguing Rohit had not edged the ball.
India bat first at the Narendra Modi Stadium before 132,000 fans
Rohit Sharma scores 47 off 31 balls — India's best innings of the match
Cummins bowls to Rohit — umpire Erasmus gives caught behind; Rohit immediately reviews
Third umpire reviews UltraEdge — spike visible; debate over timing of spike vs ball position
On-field out decision upheld — Rohit walks off shaking his head in disbelief
India bowled out for 240; Australia chase 241 with 6 wickets remaining — WC won by Australia
Toss
India win toss and elect to bat first at Narendra Modi Stadium
Rohit's innings
Rohit scores 47 off 31 balls — India's most aggressive batting of the final
Cummins wicket
Cummins appeals for caught behind — Erasmus gives out; Rohit reviews
DRS review
UltraEdge shows spike — third umpire upholds out; Rohit departs shaking head
India innings
India bowled out for 240 — without Rohit's fireworks, batting stalls
Australia chase
Australia chase 241 comfortably — Labuschagne, Head, Maxwell contribute; win by 6 wickets
“I wasn't sure. I reviewed because I thought I might not have hit it. But the third umpire had the final say.”
“I absolutely felt the edge. The ball nipped back and took his glove and the bat. No doubt in my mind.”
“The spike timing analysis is concerning. It appears the spike occurs after the ball has passed the bat face, not during contact.”
“Winning the World Cup in India, in front of their fans, is perhaps our greatest achievement. We had to be at our absolute best.”
Australia's World Cup victory at the Narendra Modi Stadium — in front of 132,000 predominantly Indian fans — was one of the great sporting achievements. Pat Cummins and Travis Head were the match heroes, but the entire team performance was celebrated as the completion of a remarkable tournament comeback.
In India, the defeat was devastating. The DRS controversy surrounding Rohit's dismissal spread immediately on social media, with frame-by-frame analyses published within hours. Some analysts argued convincingly that the spike was a false positive — the result of the bat decelerating through the air rather than contact. Others argued the spike was real and the decision correct.
The BCCI did not formally protest. Rohit Sharma said in post-match interviews that he wasn't sure whether he had edged it and was "disappointed" by the decision. Pat Cummins stated he felt the edge was real when he appealed.
Third umpire upheld the out decision based on UltraEdge evidence. Post-match technical analysis questioned the spike timing and whether it represented genuine bat-ball contact. The decision ended Rohit's innings at 47 in a match India lost by 6 wickets — whether Rohit was genuinely out remains one of the game's more technically complex recent controversies.
India's unbeaten 10-match run through the 2023 World Cup, ending in defeat in the final against Australia, is one of the most discussed outcomes in World Cup history. The 'what if' of Rohit's dismissal — had he been given not out on review and gone on to a century — is impossible to resolve but impossible to ignore.
The DRS controversy continues to be cited in discussions about UltraEdge calibration and the third umpire protocols for interpreting ambiguous spikes. The 2023 WC Final level of scrutiny on UltraEdge was unprecedented, with the footage analysed by cricket technology experts worldwide.
For Australia, the victory was the culmination of a remarkable run of form in the knockout stages and confirmed them as the outstanding World Cup team of the modern era — six titles, more than any other nation by a considerable distance.
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Australia vs India
7 February 1981
Sunil Gavaskar was given out LBW to Dennis Lillee off a ball that clearly hit his bat first. He was so furious he tried to take his batting partner Chetan Chauhan off the field with him.
Australia vs India
2-6 January 2008
One of the most controversial Tests ever — terrible umpiring decisions, racial abuse allegations, and India threatening to abandon the tour.