The Underarm Bowling Incident
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Ricky Ponting edged Zaheer Khan to Rahul Dravid early in the 2003 World Cup Final but umpire Rudi Koertzen gave it not out. Ponting went on to score 140* as Australia posted 359/2 and won by 125 runs.
The 2003 ICC Cricket World Cup Final at the Wanderers Stadium in Johannesburg was the culmination of a month-long tournament that had seen Australia steamroll every opponent in their path. Under Ricky Ponting's captaincy, Australia had won all ten of their games leading into the final, displaying a brand of cricket that was breathtakingly dominant.
India, led by Sourav Ganguly, had enjoyed a remarkable run of their own — beating Pakistan in a politically charged group match and defeating both Sri Lanka and Kenya on the way to the final. The mood in India was electric. Nearly a billion people were watching, many through the night given the South African time zone.
The final represented a clash between the game's most ruthless machine and a team riding a wave of national sentiment. Australia had won the previous two World Cups and were seeking a third consecutive title. There was no DRS — decisions were final and rested entirely on the umpires' judgment in real time.
India won the toss and elected to field first — a decision that was questioned at the time but Ganguly backed his bowlers to exploit any early movement at the Wanderers. The ground, known as the 'Bull Ring,' had a reputation for bounce and pace.
Zaheer Khan opened the bowling for India and was immediately dangerous. The left-arm seamer found movement through the air and off the pitch in his opening spell. Matthew Hayden and Adam Gilchrist came out aggressively, but India were creating chances.
Early in Ponting's innings — when he was between 20 and 30 — Zaheer extracted a thick outside edge. The ball flew to Rahul Dravid behind the stumps and appeared to carry cleanly. The Indian players erupted in appeal. Umpire Rudi Koertzen, one of the most respected officials in the game, shook his head. Not out. The entire Indian team stood in disbelief. Ponting, expressionless, settled back into his stance.
The caught-behind incident occurred in the opening exchanges of Australia's innings during the 2003 World Cup Final. Zaheer Khan, bowling with genuine pace and late movement, drew a thick outside edge from Ricky Ponting. The ball flew to Rahul Dravid — standing up to the stumps — and appeared to carry into his gloves without bouncing.
Umpire Rudi Koertzen, standing at square leg, was positioned at an angle that made judging the carry difficult. He gave it not out. Replays shown on the broadcast appeared to show the ball carrying cleanly, though the television coverage of 2003 lacked the ball-tracking and Hot Spot technology that would later make such decisions clearer. There was no DRS system in operation.
Ponting, who had come in early in the innings, was given the reprieve and made the most of it with ruthless efficiency. He went on to score 140* off 121 balls — one of the greatest innings in World Cup Final history. He hit 4 fours and 8 sixes, demolishing the Indian bowling attack in an innings of pure controlled aggression.
Australia posted 359/2 from their 50 overs — a total that was always beyond India's reach on that pitch. India were bowled out for 234 in 39.2 overs, losing by 125 runs. Australia had won their third consecutive World Cup.
The question of what might have been haunted Indian cricket fans for years. Had Ponting been dismissed for 20-odd, Australia would have been 2 wickets down early and India's confident bowling attack would have had a very different match on their hands. The missed decision was one of the most consequential in World Cup Final history.
Zaheer Khan extracts an edge from Ponting early in his innings, around the 20-30 run mark
Rahul Dravid takes what appears to be a clean catch behind the stumps
Umpire Rudi Koertzen gives Ponting not out — no DRS available to challenge
India's players stand in collective disbelief but must accept the decision
Ponting accelerates, eventually reaching 140* off 121 balls with 8 sixes
Australia post 359/2 and win by 125 runs — Ponting's innings the decisive factor
Toss
India win toss and elect to field first at the Wanderers
Early Australia innings
Zaheer Khan extracts an edge from Ponting; umpire Koertzen gives not out
Ponting 50
Ponting reaches his half-century and begins to accelerate
Ponting 100
Ponting brings up his hundred with a boundary — India's bowlers visibly deflated
Over 50
Australia finish on 359/2; Ponting unbeaten on 140
India chase
India bowled out for 234 — Australia win by 125 runs and clinch third successive WC
“That edge to Dravid — if that's given out, we're 2 down early and the game changes completely. But that's cricket without DRS.”
“Ponting's innings was one of the greatest I've ever seen. Once he got going, there was nothing we could do.”
“I was given a life and I took full advantage of it. That's what you do.”
“The decision was wrong, we all knew it. But there was nothing to be done. That's why DRS matters.”
The aftermath of the 2003 World Cup Final was dominated by Australia's achievement in winning three consecutive World Cups, but in India the conversation quickly turned to what might have been. Cricket analysts replayed the Ponting edge repeatedly, most concluding the ball had carried to Dravid.
Zaheer Khan, in later interviews, was diplomatic but clearly frustrated by the memory. Ganguly acknowledged the decision went against India but credited Australia's overall performance. The Indian team, despite the heavy defeat, had exceeded expectations in reaching the final — making the near-miss even more painful.
The incident renewed calls for the introduction of referral technology in international cricket. The ICC had been slow to adopt DRS-style systems, and moments like this — a potential match-turning decision in the most watched game in cricket — made the case for technological assistance impossible to ignore.
Umpiring error that proved match-defining. With no DRS available, Ponting received a life at 20-30 and made the most of it with a 140* that set up Australia's 125-run victory. One of the most consequential missed decisions in World Cup Final history.
Ponting's 140* in the 2003 World Cup Final is consistently rated one of the greatest innings in one-day cricket history. The caught-behind reprieve became a footnote in that story — a 'what if' that Indian fans return to whenever the 2003 final is discussed.
The incident stands as one of the strongest arguments for DRS adoption. Without technology, the best-placed umpire in the world could not make the correct call in the biggest match in the sport. When DRS was eventually rolled out across international cricket from 2009 onwards, the 2003 final was frequently cited as exhibit A for why it was needed.
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Australia vs India
7 February 1981
Sunil Gavaskar was given out LBW to Dennis Lillee off a ball that clearly hit his bat first. He was so furious he tried to take his batting partner Chetan Chauhan off the field with him.
Australia vs India
2-6 January 2008
One of the most controversial Tests ever — terrible umpiring decisions, racial abuse allegations, and India threatening to abandon the tour.