The Underarm Bowling Incident
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Lasith Malinga appeared to overstep on the crucial final over but the no-ball was not called, potentially costing CSK the IPL 2019 title.
The IPL Final is the biggest night in franchise cricket, drawing hundreds of millions of viewers across the subcontinent and beyond. By 2019, the tournament had grown into one of the world's most-watched sporting events, where every marginal decision carries enormous financial and emotional weight.
Lasith Malinga had been one of the most reliably effective death bowlers in IPL history, defending small totals with his distinctive slinging action. His ability to bowl toe-crushers in the final overs had made him indispensable to Mumbai Indians across multiple title campaigns.
The front-foot no-ball law requires a bowler's foot to land behind the popping crease at the point of delivery. When the foot crosses that line, an additional delivery must be bowled and the next ball is a free hit. In a final over, such a call can swing a match completely.
Mumbai Indians posted 149/8, a modest total that put the pressure squarely on CSK's batsmen to pace their chase correctly. Ambati Rayudu and MS Dhoni steadied the innings in the middle overs before a late flurry kept CSK in contention.
Going into the final over CSK needed 9 runs — achievable but demanding. Malinga, who had defended numerous finals for Mumbai, was handed the ball. The field was set deep, and the battle between one of cricket's greatest death bowlers and CSK's lower order began.
The pivotal moment came on a delivery that many viewers watching on television immediately flagged as suspicious. Malinga appeared to have his foot significantly beyond the crease, yet no call came from the square leg umpire whose primary responsibility it is to monitor the front foot.
In the IPL 2019 final between Mumbai Indians and Chennai Super Kings, the match came down to the final over. CSK needed 9 runs off the last over bowled by Lasith Malinga, and 2 off the final ball.
Shardul Thakur was bowled by Malinga off the last ball, giving Mumbai Indians their fourth IPL title by 1 run. However, replays showed that Malinga had overstepped on the delivery, and the front-foot no-ball should have been called. A no-ball would have given CSK a free hit with 2 needed off 2 balls instead of 2 off 1.
The non-call was a massive controversy. CSK fans and neutral observers pointed out that the on-field umpire should have detected such a clear overstep. The incident reignited calls for the third umpire to monitor front-foot no-balls in real time — a technology that was subsequently implemented in the IPL.
The BCCI introduced the automatic front-foot no-ball detection system (using cameras and later AI) from the following IPL season, directly as a result of this controversy.
CSK need 9 off the final over; Malinga begins with two controlled deliveries conceding 3 runs
On ball 4 of the over, replays appear to show Malinga's front foot clearly over the crease
Square leg umpire does not call no-ball; delivery proceeds as legitimate
Shardul Thakur bowled by Malinga off the final ball of the match
Mumbai Indians win IPL 2019 by 1 run — the slimmest margin in final history
BCCI review leads to decision to implement technology-assisted no-ball detection from IPL 2020
Match evening
Mumbai Indians post 149/8 in 20 overs
CSK innings, over 19
CSK need 9 off the last over; Malinga to bowl
Ball 4 of over 20
Delivery bowled — replays suggest front-foot overstep; no-ball not called
Ball 6 of over 20
Shardul Thakur bowled by Malinga; Mumbai win by 1 run
Post-match
BCCI review committee examines the no-ball footage
Pre-IPL 2020
BCCI announces third-umpire front-foot no-ball monitoring from next season
“We should have been better earlier in the innings. I'm not going to speak about the umpiring.”
“Looking at the replays, that does appear to be a no-ball. The technology exists — we should use it.”
“It was a great final. One run — you can't get closer than that. These things happen in cricket.”
“The front-foot law is one of the hardest things for an umpire to enforce at full pace in a high-pressure final. But technology can solve this.”
In the immediate aftermath, social media erupted with frame-by-frame images showing what appeared to be a clear front-foot no-ball. Former players and commentators weighed in across television channels, with the consensus being that the umpire had erred on a decisive delivery.
The BCCI acknowledged the controversy and confirmed that the incident would be reviewed by the officiating committee. Within weeks, the governing body announced plans to introduce a third-umpire-monitored no-ball system, beginning with trials and rolling out fully from IPL 2020 onward.
For CSK and their supporters, the defeat by 1 run with a potentially missed no-ball remained a painful memory. MS Dhoni, characteristically, declined to comment on the umpiring error, saying only that his team should have scored more runs in the middle overs.
Mumbai Indians won by 1 run. The controversy led to implementation of technology-assisted no-ball calling in the IPL.
The IPL 2019 Final no-ball controversy became the direct catalyst for one of the most significant officiating reforms in franchise cricket history. From IPL 2020, a dedicated third umpire was assigned specifically to monitor front-foot no-balls ball by ball using slow-motion cameras, removing the responsibility from the square leg umpire who has multiple duties to attend to.
The change was hailed as a long-overdue modernisation. It also prompted wider discussion about whether all major tournaments — including international cricket — should adopt the same approach. By 2021, ICC had trialled technology-assisted no-ball calling in bilateral series, with the model showing near-perfect accuracy and proving its case for widespread adoption.
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Australia vs India
7 February 1981
Sunil Gavaskar was given out LBW to Dennis Lillee off a ball that clearly hit his bat first. He was so furious he tried to take his batting partner Chetan Chauhan off the field with him.
Australia vs India
2-6 January 2008
One of the most controversial Tests ever — terrible umpiring decisions, racial abuse allegations, and India threatening to abandon the tour.