Hansie Cronje Match Fixing Scandal
South Africa vs Various
7 April 2000
South African captain Hansie Cronje was found guilty of match fixing after Delhi Police intercepted phone calls between Cronje and an Indian bookmaker, Sanjay Chawla.
West Indies batsman Marlon Samuels was banned for two years by the ICC for providing information to a bookmaker during a series against India in 2007.
Marlon Samuels arrived in international cricket as one of the most naturally gifted batsmen from the West Indies in a generation. His technique was correct, his temperament apparently strong. He made his Test debut in 2000 and quickly established himself as a key part of West Indian batting plans in an era when the team was struggling to maintain their once-dominant global stature.
During the 2007 tour of India, Samuels was in contact with an Indian bookmaker. The ICC's Anti-Corruption and Security Unit had been monitoring suspicious communications and identified Samuels as having provided match-related information — including details about team selection, pitch conditions, and dressing-room atmosphere — that had monetary value to betting syndicates.
When the ICC charged him in 2008, Samuels accepted the charges without contest. He was found guilty of two separate breaches of the ICC Anti-Corruption Code: providing information to a bookmaker and receiving money from him. The acceptance of guilt allowed the ICC to proceed to sanction without a lengthy hearing.
The 2007 India–West Indies series took place against the backdrop of cricket's intensifying battle with corruption. The subcontinent's vast legal and illegal betting markets created financial incentives of a scale unimaginable to most cricketers, particularly those playing for boards with limited revenue like the West Indies Cricket Board.
West Indies players were, in the early 2000s, among the most financially vulnerable in world cricket. Contracts were modest, the team was struggling, and opportunities for supplementary income were limited. The combination of financial pressure and access to high-value information made them attractive targets for bookmakers.
Samuels was identified through phone surveillance that the ACSU was conducting in India. The evidence was specific and detailed enough that when confronted, Samuels did not dispute it. His cooperation with the investigation, while not extinguishing the charges, was noted in the sentencing process and was cited as one reason the ban was set at two years rather than longer.
Marlon Samuels, the talented West Indies all-rounder, was banned for two years by the ICC in May 2008 after being found guilty of receiving money and providing information to a bookmaker during the India-West Indies series in 2007. The ICC's Anti-Corruption and Security Unit investigated after suspicious communications were detected.
The investigation revealed that Samuels had been in contact with an Indian bookmaker and had provided information about team strategy, pitch conditions, and other inside details. He was charged with two breaches of the ICC Code of Conduct relating to corruption.
Samuels served his two-year ban and returned to international cricket in 2010. Remarkably, he went on to become one of the most important players in West Indies cricket, playing match-winning innings in both the 2012 and 2016 T20 World Cup finals. His rehabilitation was cited as an example of how players could turn their careers around after corruption offenses.
However, Samuels' return was not without controversy. Some questioned whether a player who had been found guilty of corruption should be allowed back into the game, while others pointed to his post-ban performances as justification for the rehabilitation approach. The debate mirrored similar discussions around Mohammad Amir's return.
2007: Marlon Samuels provides match-related information to an Indian bookmaker during West Indies' tour of India
2007–2008: ICC ACSU identifies suspicious communications through surveillance operations in India
May 2008: ICC charges Samuels with two breaches of the Anti-Corruption Code
May 2008: Samuels accepts the charges; ICC issues a two-year ban effective immediately
2010: Samuels returns to international cricket after serving his ban
2012 and 2016: Samuels plays match-winning innings in T20 World Cup finals, completing one of cricket's greatest rehabilitations
2007
Samuels provides match information to an Indian bookmaker during West Indies' India tour
2007–2008
ICC ACSU investigation identifies Samuels through surveillance of bookmaker communications
May 2008
Samuels charged with two breaches of the ICC Anti-Corruption Code; accepts charges
May 2008
Two-year ban issued by the ICC
2010
Samuels returns to international cricket after serving his ban
2012 and 2016
Samuels plays match-winning innings in T20 World Cup finals for West Indies
“I made a serious mistake and I accepted the consequences. Coming back and helping West Indies win was the proudest thing I've done in cricket.”
“The question is whether a two-year ban is sufficient for the breach of trust involved. We felt it was proportionate given his cooperation.”
“Watching Samuels hit that six to win the 2016 final, it was almost impossible to reconcile with what had happened eight years earlier.”
“He is proof that the rehabilitation system can work. Whether it always does is another question.”
Samuels served his full two-year ban and returned to West Indies cricket in 2010. His comeback was remarkable in every sense. Rather than returning as a diminished cricketer marked by shame, he emerged as one of West Indies' most decisive match-winners in the T20 format. His innings of 78 not out in the 2012 T20 World Cup final against Sri Lanka and 85 not out in the 2016 final against England were both defining performances in West Indian victories.
The nature of his comeback became a point of genuine debate within cricket. Some felt that a player found guilty of corruption should not be permitted to represent his country again, regardless of serving his ban. Others argued that a ban was precisely the mechanism the system had created for rehabilitation and that denying Samuels a return would undermine the point of time-limited penalties.
Banned for two years by the ICC. Returned to international cricket and went on to play in T20 World Cup-winning campaigns.
Samuels' story became one of cricket's most discussed rehabilitation narratives. His two T20 World Cup match-winning performances — separated by four years but equally decisive — created a legacy that existed alongside, rather than being erased by, his corruption conviction.
The ICC's handling of Samuels was frequently cited in discussions about other ban cases, including Mohammad Amir's. His return demonstrated that a player could commit a serious breach of trust, serve a proportionate penalty, and return to make genuine, positive contributions to the game. Whether that outcome justified the framework or exposed its limitations remained a matter of ongoing debate.
South Africa vs Various
7 April 2000
South African captain Hansie Cronje was found guilty of match fixing after Delhi Police intercepted phone calls between Cronje and an Indian bookmaker, Sanjay Chawla.
South Africa vs England
18 January 2000
Hansie Cronje engineered a contrived result at Centurion after rain had washed out most of the Test, later revealed to have been done at the behest of a bookmaker in exchange for a leather jacket and cash.
India vs Various
5 December 2000
Former Indian captain Mohammad Azharuddin was banned for life by the BCCI after the CBI found evidence of his involvement in match fixing, based on revelations from the Hansie Cronje investigation.