The Underarm Bowling Incident
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Graeme Smith was given not out LBW by umpire Steve Davis when replays showed all three stumps being hit. Smith scored 108 and South Africa won the series 2-1 — Australia's first home series defeat in 16 years.
South Africa in 2008 were one of the most complete Test sides in the world. Under Graeme Smith's captaincy, they had a batting lineup that included Hashim Amla, AB de Villiers, Jacques Kallis, and JP Duminy, and a pace attack of Dale Steyn, Makhaya Ntini, and Morne Morkel. This golden generation had ambitions to become the world's number one Test team — ambitions that required beating Australia at home.
Australia, while past the absolute peak of the 2000s dynasty, were still formidable at home. The WACA in Perth was traditionally their fortress — a fast, bouncy pitch where Australian pace bowlers thrived and where overseas sides had struggled for decades. No visiting team had won a Test at the WACA easily, and Australia's home record overall was extraordinary: they had not lost a home series since New Zealand's remarkable upset in 1992-93.
The series was level at 1-1 heading into the third and deciding Test at Perth. South Africa had won in Perth once before in recent memory, but repeating that feat against this Australian side remained a serious challenge. For Graeme Smith personally, the series was a statement of ambition — he believed his team was capable of ending Australia's home dominance, and the Perth Test would define whether that belief was justified.
Australia batted first at the WACA and posted a solid first innings. South Africa replied with discipline, with Graeme Smith anchoring the innings at the top of the order. The pitch offered the classic WACA bounce and carry, and Australia's pace trio of Mitchell Johnson, Peter Siddle, and Ben Hilfenhaus had their moments.
Smith was struck on the pad by a delivery from one of the Australian seamers that was hitting the stumps. The Australians appealed loudly — the ball had struck Smith in line, the impact was on line, and replays showed the delivery was going on to hit all three stumps in the middle of the bat-pad zone. Umpire Steve Davis consulted his position and shook his head: not out.
The replays were damning. Ball-tracking technology shown to viewers — though not yet used formally for reviews by teams — showed the delivery striking the stumps clearly. Davis had either misjudged the line of impact or the trajectory. Smith, whose wicket Australia needed urgently to break the partnership and build pressure, was given a second life.
The LBW that Steve Davis declined against Graeme Smith at Perth was, by subsequent ball-tracking analysis, clearly out. Replays using the available technology showed the ball hitting the stumps — in some analyses, hitting all three stumps — with no inside edge to complicate the decision. Davis's not-out call was widely described by commentators as a poor decision in the moment.
Smith made Australia pay with ruthless authority. He converted the reprieve into a century, scoring 108 in an innings that formed the foundation of South Africa's competitive total. His partnership with other senior batsmen put the Australians under the pressure they had hoped to apply. Smith's ability to bat long, absorb pressure, and grind out big scores made the reprieve doubly costly — an average batsman reprieved early might still perish cheaply; Smith never did.
South Africa set Australia a challenging target. Australia's chase fell apart against Steyn and Morkel bowling on a pitch that assisted pace and bounce. The South African pacemen were relentless and accurate. Australia were bowled out, and South Africa won the Test to take the series 2-1.
The result was historic: Australia's first home series defeat in 16 years. The magnitude of that achievement cannot be overstated — South Africa had ended one of the most sustained periods of home dominance in the history of Test cricket. Smith's 108, built on a reprieve that DRS would have overturned in seconds, was central to that achievement.
Graeme Smith struck on the pad — ball-tracking shows delivery hitting the stumps; umpire Steve Davis gives not out
Australia's players furious but unable to review — no DRS in place for the series
Smith converts the reprieve into a century, scoring 108 in South Africa's first innings
Dale Steyn and Morne Morkel bowl Australia out in their chase — South Africa win the Perth Test
Series result: South Africa 2-1 Australia — South Africa's first series win in Australia
Australia's 16-year home series winning streak brought to an end
Series context
Series level 1-1 — decider at the WACA; South Africa targeting Australia's home record of 16 years unbeaten
Australia 1st innings
Australia post competitive total at the WACA on a fast, bouncy surface
Smith's reprieve
Smith struck plumb in front — ball-tracking shows stumps hit; Steve Davis gives not out; no DRS available
Smith's century
Smith bats on to score 108 — South Africa post a strong total in reply; innings foundation for the match result
Australia's chase
Steyn and Morkel bowl Australia out — pace and bounce exploit Australian batsmen's weaknesses
Series result
South Africa win 2-1 — Australia's first home series defeat in 16 years; a watershed moment in world cricket
“The ball-tracking didn't lie. It was hitting all three. But you have to move on — you can't change what the umpire has decided.”
“Getting a let-off like that makes you even more determined to make the other team pay. I wasn't going to waste it.”
“Dale Steyn in that series was on a different planet. Once he got going on that Perth pitch, Australia didn't have an answer.”
“History was made that day in Perth. What that team achieved — ending sixteen years — was something we should never forget.”
The defeat sent shockwaves through Australian cricket. Losing a home series was not simply a sporting setback — it carried cultural and institutional weight in a country where cricket superiority was taken almost as a right. Cricket Australia faced questions about the ageing of the team, the succession plan after the retirement of Warne, McGrath, Langer, Hayden, and Gilchrist in the previous two years, and the preparedness of the next generation.
For South Africa, the win was validation of years of hard work under Smith. Smith himself was praised as one of the great modern Test captains — bold, tactically astute, and capable of performing under the most extreme pressure. His 108 at Perth became one of the defining innings of his career precisely because of the context and because of what it helped achieve. The series win launched South Africa towards their eventual rise to the number one Test ranking.
Umpire Steve Davis gave Graeme Smith not out LBW when ball-tracking showed the delivery hitting the stumps. No DRS was available to challenge the decision. Smith scored 108 and South Africa won the match and the series 2-1 — Australia's first home series defeat in 16 years. The decision is considered a pivotal missed call in one of cricket's landmark series upsets.
The 2008 series remains a landmark in South African cricket history. Smith's LBW reprieve is a footnote in the broader narrative but a significant one — it changed the match at a moment when Australia needed his wicket most. Had Davis given it out, Smith would have been walking off with a small score and Australia's bowlers would have had the momentum they needed.
The incident is regularly cited in the ongoing DRS debate. By 2008, the technology to correctly make this decision existed and was being shown to television audiences around the world — ball-tracking was visible on broadcasts, Snickometer was in standard use for commentary purposes — yet players and teams had no recourse when umpires got it wrong. The Perth Test strengthened the ICC's hand in pushing for mandatory DRS adoption, and by 2009-10 the system began to be rolled out more consistently across series.
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Australia vs India
7 February 1981
Sunil Gavaskar was given out LBW to Dennis Lillee off a ball that clearly hit his bat first. He was so furious he tried to take his batting partner Chetan Chauhan off the field with him.
Australia vs India
2-6 January 2008
One of the most controversial Tests ever — terrible umpiring decisions, racial abuse allegations, and India threatening to abandon the tour.