Hansie Cronje Match Fixing Scandal
South Africa vs Various
7 April 2000
South African captain Hansie Cronje was found guilty of match fixing after Delhi Police intercepted phone calls between Cronje and an Indian bookmaker, Sanjay Chawla.
Former Pakistan all-rounder Azhar Mahmood reported a corruption approach during the Bangladesh Premier League, highlighting the vulnerability of T20 leagues to fixing.
Azhar Mahmood began his career as one of Pakistan's most promising all-rounders, making his Test debut in 1997 and becoming a valuable contributor with both bat and ball. After a career that spanned Pakistan's turbulent 2000s, he moved to England, obtained British citizenship, and continued playing in county cricket and T20 leagues around the world.
By 2013–14, Mahmood was a well-travelled professional cricketer who had seen the inside of cricket's dressing rooms across multiple continents. He was playing in the Bangladesh Premier League when he was approached by an individual seeking to recruit him into a fixing arrangement. The approach was direct: underperform in specific phases of matches in exchange for money.
Mahmood's response was precisely what the ICC's anti-corruption code requires and hopes for: he immediately reported the approach to the ACSU. His cooperation was complete and prompt, providing investigators with actionable intelligence about the corruption network operating in the BPL.
The Bangladesh Premier League had already been seriously compromised by fixing by the time Mahmood received his approach. Mohammad Ashraful's confession — he admitted to fixing multiple BPL matches — had exposed the league as a significant corruption risk. The BPL's relatively modest player payments and its large betting market in Bangladesh and beyond made it an attractive target.
The ECB Anti-Corruption Unit and the ICC's ACU were both monitoring the BPL closely. Mahmood's report added to an intelligence picture that was already extensive. It confirmed that the fixers who had recruited Ashraful were still active and still targeting players in subsequent editions of the competition.
Mahmood's case was used by the ICC as a teaching example in anti-corruption education programs. His conduct — refusing the approach, reporting immediately, cooperating fully — represented exactly the behaviour the system needed. The ICC was explicit that this was how cricketers were expected to respond and that failure to do so carried its own legal consequences.
Former Pakistan all-rounder Azhar Mahmood, who by 2013 was a British citizen playing in various T20 leagues, reported a corrupt approach he received during the Bangladesh Premier League. Mahmood was praised by the ICC's Anti-Corruption Unit for following proper reporting procedures.
The approach came from an individual who offered Mahmood money to underperform in specific phases of BPL matches. Mahmood immediately reported the approach to the ACSU, which used the information as part of a broader investigation into corruption in the BPL.
The BPL had already been under scrutiny for fixing, with the Mohammad Ashraful case having exposed deep corruption in the league. Mahmood's report added to the evidence that bookmakers were actively targeting players in the competition. The ACSU noted that the BPL's relatively low player payments made it particularly vulnerable to corruption.
Mahmood's case became a positive example used by the ICC in anti-corruption education programs, demonstrating how players should respond to corrupt approaches. The ICC emphasized that the reporting obligation was a crucial tool in the fight against fixing, as it allowed investigators to identify and track corruption networks.
2013: Azhar Mahmood receives a corrupt approach during the Bangladesh Premier League
2013–14: Mahmood immediately reports the approach to the ICC ACSU, following reporting obligations
2014: ICC anti-corruption investigation uses Mahmood's report as part of broader BPL inquiry
2014: ECB Anti-Corruption Unit cites Mahmood as an example of correct conduct for county players
2014: ICC uses Mahmood's case in anti-corruption education programs as a positive example
Ongoing: BPL corruption investigations continue; Mahmood's report contributes to intelligence picture
2013
Azhar Mahmood plays in the Bangladesh Premier League as an experienced international all-rounder
Late 2013
Mahmood receives a corrupt approach during the BPL; individual offers money for deliberate underperformance
Late 2013
Mahmood immediately reports the approach to the ICC ACSU
Early 2014
ACSU investigates; Mahmood cooperates fully; approach linked to broader BPL fixing network
2014
ECB and ICC cite Mahmood's conduct as exemplary in anti-corruption education materials
2014 onwards
Case used as a teaching example in ICC anti-corruption programs for players worldwide
“There was no question in my mind. You report it. That is what you are supposed to do and that is what I did.”
“Mahmood's conduct is a model for what we hope all cricketers will do. He reported immediately, cooperated fully, and helped our investigation.”
“County cricket is not immune to fixing approaches. The networks do not only target internationals — they target anyone who might one day be useful.”
Mahmood faced no sanctions and received no formal charges. He was praised by both the ICC and the ECB for his conduct. The anti-corruption units of both bodies noted that his willingness to report — particularly as a player with no obligation to remain in official cricket structures — was exactly the culture they were trying to build.
The broader BPL investigation that Mahmood's report contributed to led to further charges against players and officials. His intelligence helped piece together the network that had been operating in the league, even if the specific individuals who approached him were not publicly identified.
Mahmood praised for proper reporting. Incident used in ICC anti-corruption education. BPL corruption investigations continued.
The Azhar Mahmood case is frequently cited in discussions about how cricketers should respond to corrupt approaches. His prompt reporting, full cooperation, and the fact that county cricket — a level below international cricket — was being targeted all combined to make his case a useful vehicle for anti-corruption messaging.
His case also highlighted a structural vulnerability: Pakistan-born cricketers playing in multiple leagues around the world were particularly targeted, because fixing networks could use personal and cultural connections to build trust before making approaches. Being known to and trusted by active players — regardless of whether you were still playing at the top level yourself — made you a target.
South Africa vs Various
7 April 2000
South African captain Hansie Cronje was found guilty of match fixing after Delhi Police intercepted phone calls between Cronje and an Indian bookmaker, Sanjay Chawla.
South Africa vs England
18 January 2000
Hansie Cronje engineered a contrived result at Centurion after rain had washed out most of the Test, later revealed to have been done at the behest of a bookmaker in exchange for a leather jacket and cash.
India vs Various
5 December 2000
Former Indian captain Mohammad Azharuddin was banned for life by the BCCI after the CBI found evidence of his involvement in match fixing, based on revelations from the Hansie Cronje investigation.