The Underarm Bowling Incident
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Michael Kasprowicz was given out caught behind in one of the closest Ashes matches ever, but replays suggested his glove was off the bat handle when the ball hit it.
The 2005 Ashes series arrived with enormous expectation on both sides. Australia had not lost the Ashes since 1987 and were widely considered the greatest Test team ever assembled, with Ricky Ponting's squad boasting Warne, McGrath, Gilchrist, and Hayden at the peak of their powers. England, under Michael Vaughan, had developed a new aggression and depth.
Edgbaston was the second Test. Australia had been devastated by Glenn McGrath's freak ankle injury before the match and were put in to bat. England made 407 and then dismissed Australia cheaply before building a lead. A dramatic Australian second innings set up an unlikely run chase that gripped the nation.
Brett Lee and Michael Kasprowicz — number 10 and 11 — found themselves needing just 3 runs to win. The equation: 3 to win, 1 wicket to fall, two tail-enders batting. What followed was one of the most dramatic passages of play in Test history.
Lee and Kasprowicz had added 59 runs together as England's bowlers, led by Harmison, searched desperately for the decisive wicket. Each run tightened the stranglehold on England; each wicket chance missed seemed to drain the belief from Edgbaston's 22,000 spectators.
Harmison, England's fastest bowler, was the man trusted to take the last wicket. His short-pitched deliveries had troubled Kasprowicz throughout, the Australian tail-ender fending several balls at chest and throat height with difficulty.
The tension when Australia went to 279/9 — needing 3 more to win — was almost unbearable. Television audiences across Australia were reportedly at record levels for a morning broadcast. Every delivery felt potentially historic.
The 2005 Edgbaston Ashes Test is considered one of the greatest cricket matches ever played. England won by just 2 runs — the smallest margin of victory in Ashes history at the time. But the winning moment was controversial.
With Australia needing 3 more runs and last man Michael Kasprowicz on strike, Steve Harmison bowled a short ball. Kasprowicz gloved it to wicketkeeper Geraint Jones, and umpire Billy Bowden gave it out. England had won one of the most thrilling Tests in history.
However, close-up replays appeared to show that Kasprowicz's glove was not in contact with the bat handle when the ball hit it. Under the Laws, a catch is only valid if the ball hits the glove while the hand is holding the bat. If the glove was not on the handle, the delivery should have been called not out.
The decision stood and England took a 1-0 lead in a series they would eventually win 2-1, regaining the Ashes for the first time since 1987. The Kasprowicz dismissal remains one of the most debated decisions in Ashes history.
Lee and Kasprowicz add 59 for the last wicket, taking Australia within 3 of a famous win
Harmison bowls a short delivery rising sharply at Kasprowicz
Ball appears to strike Kasprowicz's glove and lob to wicketkeeper Geraint Jones
Umpire Billy Bowden raises his finger; England erupt in celebration
Slow-motion replays show Kasprowicz's glove appears to be off the bat handle at the moment of contact
No review system exists; decision stands — England win the greatest Ashes Test of the modern era by 2 runs
Day 4, morning
Australia resume at 175/8 in 4th innings; needing 107 more to win
Day 4, afternoon
Lee and Kasprowicz add 59; Australia reach 279/9 — 3 needed to win
Day 4, 3:02 pm
Harmison bowls short ball; Kasprowicz gloves it to Jones
Day 4, 3:02 pm
Umpire Bowden raises finger; England celebrate wildly
Day 4, post-play
Replays aired — glove appears off bat handle; debate ignites
2009 onwards
Incident cited in ICC discussions leading to DRS introduction in Test cricket
“I saw it in slow motion after the match. My glove was off the handle. But it was the umpire's call to make, not mine.”
“Billly Bowden had to make that decision in a fraction of a second. I don't envy umpires in moments like that.”
“If that decision had gone the other way, we win the Test, we retain the Ashes, and the series is 1-0 to us. Everything changes.”
“That Test match at Edgbaston — I can't think of a better one in my lifetime. And the Kasprowicz moment was right at the heart of it.”
The post-match debate about the Kasprowicz dismissal was immediate and intense. Former Australian players, including Ian Chappell, argued that the replays clearly showed the glove was not on the bat. Under the Laws of Cricket, a catch is only valid if the ball strikes the glove while the hand is in contact with the bat handle.
England's players and management maintained that the umpire had made a legitimate call under difficult real-time conditions. Billy Bowden himself declined to express regret, noting that making such judgments at full pace was part of the job.
The incident became one of the strongest arguments for the introduction of a review system that could at minimum check the validity of caught-behind decisions. Australia cited it explicitly when they championed the introduction of DRS in subsequent years.
Given out. Replays were inconclusive enough that the decision stood, but many believe Kasprowicz was not out. England won by 2 runs.
The Kasprowicz catch decision is inextricably tied to the 2005 Ashes narrative — the series that is widely regarded as the greatest in the modern era. Had the decision gone the other way, Australia would have won Edgbaston, retained the Ashes, and denied England their first Ashes triumph since 1987.
The incident became a recurring reference point in conversations about the need for DRS and the vulnerability of even the best umpires to split-second misjudgments. It gave emotional weight to the case for technology that pure statistics never could — when an error changes the course of an entire Ashes series, the argument for review becomes unanswerable.
Australia vs New Zealand
1 February 1981
Greg Chappell instructed his brother Trevor to bowl the last ball underarm along the ground to prevent New Zealand from hitting a six to tie the match.
Australia vs India
7 February 1981
Sunil Gavaskar was given out LBW to Dennis Lillee off a ball that clearly hit his bat first. He was so furious he tried to take his batting partner Chetan Chauhan off the field with him.
Australia vs India
2-6 January 2008
One of the most controversial Tests ever — terrible umpiring decisions, racial abuse allegations, and India threatening to abandon the tour.