England, captained on the field by Arthur Jones (who fell ill mid-tour and was replaced by F.L. Fane), arrived in Australia with the Ashes won at home in 1905 still in their possession. The series was tight in the first three Tests but turned decisively to Australia thereafter.
The first Test at Sydney was won by Australia by two wickets in a remarkable last-wicket stand. The second at Melbourne went to England by one wicket — two of the closest Ashes Tests in succession. The third (Adelaide) and fourth (Melbourne) went to Australia by good margins. The fifth at Sydney saw Trumper's 166 dazzle the crowd as Australia won the rubber 4-1.
Charlie Macartney made his Test debut at the Sydney first Test, picked as a left-arm spinner with handy lower-order batting. He took 17 wickets in the series (at 26.94) and earned from Kent's KL Hutchings the nickname 'Governor General' — meant ironically at the time, but a name that stuck. Macartney would later (in the 1920s) become a great attacking batsman; in 1907-08 he was still primarily a bowler.